PKS-A Clade of Oil Palm Might Play Role During Defense AgainstGanoderma boninenseInfection

Abstract

SPolyketide synthase (PKS) is an essential catalyzing enzyme in the polyketide (PK) biosynthesis pathway of bacteria, fungi and plants which have diverse beneficial functions such as antibiotic and antiparasitic. This study was aimed to identify specific plant type III PKSs in the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, and predict its biosynthesized metabolites as plant defense compounds against the most threatening fungal pathogen, Ganoderma boninense that causing the basal stem rot disease. We used the oil palm protein database to detect the presence of type III PKS domains using the HMMER version V3.1b2. An artificial inoculation was made on oil palm root tissues and RNA sequencing was performed to obtain the transcriptome profile after 7 days exposure to G. boninense. Among 40,421 proteins, we identified 38 of which containing type III PKS domains. Signal peptide signature motifs were absence in all PKSs suggesting their intracellular functions during the polyketide biosynthesis. A molecular phylogeny analysis reflected the relationships among these PKSs that clustered into PKS-A, -B and -C clades. Most of the PKS-A members were up-regulated after G. boninense infection, indicating their essential role in the biosynthesis of PK products which might needed for defense.

Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Analysis in Brassica rapa subsp. perviridis in Response to Albugo candida Infection

“…In total, 22 domains were identified across 10 genes and no domains have been identified for 3 genes ( Supplementary Table 8 ). Some of the domains are reported to be involved in defense mechanisms such as flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) (Mishina and Zeier, 2006 ; Thodberg and Jakobsen Neilson, 2020 ) and type III polyketide synthase-like protein (PKS) (Tanjung et al, 2020 ). Similarly, genes containing haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase and Proline-rich domains were also expressed in sweet orange in response to citrus blight (Fu et al, 2019 ).…”