Place and Race: Health of African Americans in Nonmetropolitan Areas

Lee, Marlene; Singelmann, Joachim

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5567-3_6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Also, this study found that older adults who reside in urban areas are more commonly to have less functional disability scores compared with older adults who reside in rural areas which is similar to other studies [ 55 , 56 ]. In Ghana, most of the occupation in the rural areas are farming activities which involve more physical activities and also, there are fewer activities in the rural areas that involve the use of buses or cars as means of transportation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II

et al. 2022

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Background Functional disability is a common public health problem that affects the health and quality of life of older adults. This causes them to be highly dependent on other members of their family, receive home care, or to be institutionalized. Although functional disability has been widely studied in developed country settings, very limited studies have focused on age-related functional disability in sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular Ghana. The purpose of this study is to assess various factors associated with the difficulties in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in Ghana. Methods This cross-sectional study used data on 1610 older adults aged 50 years and above from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey Wave II conducted in Ghana. Nine standard functioning difficulty tools of WHODAS II was used for the analysis. The WHODAS II offers continuous summary scores with higher scores showing higher disability, and vice versa. A multi-level regression model was used to identify individual and household level risk factors linked to the functional disability of older adults. Results Female older adults (53.7%) reported having functional disability. The mean functional disability among older adults aged 50 years and above was 5.2 (± 5.9). Results indicated that older adults who are females, aged 70 years and above, and had three or more chronic conditions had a higher functional disability. Also, older adults who have adequate fruit intake and belong to wealthier households were found to have a lower functional disability. Conclusions The study reveals that functional disability among older adults is frequent in Ghana and is associated with having three or more chronic conditions and being overweight/obese. Prevention of functional disability in old age in Ghana is therefore a matter of great social and economic concern, which calls for coordinate efforts across the board to mitigate this public health challenge.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II

et al. 2022

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“…Despite increased interest in rural‐urban disparities in health outcomes and mortality and morbidity rates to date, researchers have largely ignored the intersection of disability and rurality. Limited research on older adults suggests rural people experience disability sooner in life and at a higher rate than people in more urban places . However, we still lack research on disability across the life span including younger and middle‐aged adults related to living rurally, and very few studies have included a measure of how people move in and out of disability over time .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitory and Enduring Disability Among Urban and Rural People

Sage

Ward

Myers

et al. 2018

The Journal of Rural Health

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Background Disabilities are not evenly distributed across geography or age, yet few studies on disability have considered these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore rural‐urban differences in disability rates, particularly related to gender and race, and what other rural‐urban disparities help explain these differences. Methods Utilizing the 2008‐2016 Current Population Survey (CPS), we first examined rural and urban disability trends by gender and race, estimating means and rural‐urban percentage differences for men and women by race and conducting t test analysis to test group differences by age cohort (eg, comparing white, non‐Hispanic, rural 15‐ to 24‐year‐old women to white, non‐Hispanic, urban 15‐ to 24‐year‐old women). We then conducted a logistic regression to explore whether or not the effects of rurality on disability rates could be explained by rural‐urban differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results Descriptively, rural people report disability at higher rates than urban people across nearly all age category, gender, and racial combinations. These differences are more pronounced for nonwhite respondents in middle to older age categories. Additionally, while some of the rural disability disparity can be explained by adding demographic and socioeconomic variables to the logistic regression model, the effect of rurality remains significant. Conclusions Our findings suggest that when researchers, policy makers, and service providers are addressing rural and urban differences in health and well‐being, self‐reported disability is another factor to consider. Future work should be mindful of how disability and space intersect with gender and race, creating significant disparities for people of color in rural places.

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Place and Race: Health of African Americans in Nonmetropolitan Areas

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II

Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II

Transitory and Enduring Disability Among Urban and Rural People

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