Place de la vinorelbine : de l?I.V. � l?oral

A few nanoparticle dispersions have been produced for centuries, but it is mainly during the past decade that they have been extensively developed for an amazing range of end uses, some in textile dyeing and finishing but more particularly in a technology now referred to as photonics. The developments in this field are reviewed with particular reference to improved, energy‐saving illuminants, computer and television displays, solar panels and digital communications. Fluorescent nanoparticles, which are now widely employed for sophisticated biomedical diagnostic testing (and possibly in future for treating the diseases themselves), are also described. Many nanoproducts are of almost molecular size and potentially very reactive, which has raised fears about possible, as yet unknown, environmental hazards. This review summarises the results of certain individual toxicity trials and the extensive joint programmes planned in both Europe and America.

Section: Uses For Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for textile processing and photonic applications

Dawson¹

2008

“…Lecithin is a phospholipid and has the property of being able to form liposomes. Lecithin technology in the form of liposomes is used to improve textile dyeing and finishing performance and reduce effluent pollution [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some work has already been reported with encouraging results on the potential application of liposomes in PET dyeing. This work has investigated liposomes as a dispersion vehicle for encapsulating disperse dye molecules [15][16][17] and/or as a dispersing agent in PET dyeing [18]. The surface charge of liposomes can be modified by the incorporation of positively charged lipids, such as stearylamine (SA), or negatively charged lipids, such as dicetylphosphate, phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylserine [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterisation of novel phospholipid cationic liposomes to improve the alkaline hydrolysis and dyeability of polyester fabric

El-Zawahry

Abdelghaffar

2013

Three novel cationic liposomes were prepared from commercial soybean lecithin (neutral liposome) and stearylamine (cationic liposome) as a catalyst or accelerating agent for the alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric. The formation of 1:1, 1:6 and 1:12 cationic liposomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen content and Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy. Factors affecting the alkaline hydrolysis performance of polyester fabric in the presence and absence of cationic liposomes were investigated. Size measurements of the three cationic liposomes showed that the vesicle size was 27.88 nm for the 1:1 cationic liposome, 15.57 nm for 1:6 and 10 nm for 1:12, in comparison with 50 nm for neutral liposome. The results showed that alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of cationic liposomes improves the hydrophilicity and dyeability of polyester fabric and creates more carboxylic groups on the fabric. The silky polyester fabric was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, tensile strength, elongation at break, crease recovery angle and surface roughness to prove the success of the cationic liposomes as accelerating agents in the alkaline hydrolysis process. The results also indicate that the colour strength of hydrolysed polyester fabric in the presence of cationic liposomes dyed with disperse dye was slightly higher than that obtained in the absence of cationic liposomes and with unhydrolysed fabric. Furthermore, the fastness properties of hydrolysed polyester in the absence and presence of cationic liposomes do not vary.

“…In recent years, these vesicles have aroused a great deal of interest in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Liposomes have also been used in the textile industry during the last decade [1,2]. Commercial liposomes are used as dyeing auxiliaries, mainly for wool dyeing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine: a biological natural surfactant as a dispersing agent

Martı́

Coderch

Maza

et al. 2007

Disperse dyes are very hydrophobic molecules that in their commercial form are usually milled in the presence of large amounts of dispersing agents (synthetic surfactants). Other dispersing agents are added as auxiliaries during the dyeing process. These synthetic surfactants were substituted for liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine, a well‐known biological surfactant of natural origin which is environmentally friendly, and liposomes were studied as a dispersing agent in polyester dyeing. The physicochemical behaviour of dye dispersion was analysed by two experimental measurements: the aggregation process of dye particles by filtration of dispersion and the determination of the turbidity ratio. The results obtained show the usefulness of liposomes as a dispersing auxiliary in a dyeing process, avoiding aggregation of dye molecules at high temperatures. Moreover, polyester dyeing shows similar final exhaustions, approximately 90%, at different kinetics, when liposomes are used.