Placebo Response and the Company It Keeps

Arnold, L. Eugene

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2704

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The improvement could have been due to 'placebo effects'. It has been suggested that if we give patients enough attention with a pill to take for their condition, ask them to fill out a questionnaire about their condition and see them in regular intervals, majority would show improvement [31]. We had more frequent contact with parents compared to their regular treatment while participating in this study, as is also seen in other studies [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) supplementation in school-going children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): a randomized controlled trial

Tan

Foong

et al. 2016

BMC Nutr

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Background: Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is often treated with medications but many parents seek alternative treatment for fear of adverse effects. Increased oxidative stress has been observed in children and adults with ADHD. We postulate that tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF), a potent antioxidant from the natural Vitamin E family, may help children with ADHD. The objective of this study is to determine if supplementation of TRF has an effect on the symptoms of school-going children with ADHD. Methods: Children aged between 6 to 12 years with ADHD were randomized to TRF 200 mg or placebo daily for 6 months. We measured the NICHQ Vanderbilt ADHD Parent (VAPRS) & Teacher (VATRS) Rating Scales at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Plasma tocotrienol levels were also measured at each of the corresponding time. We used ANOVA repeated measure and Spearman Rho's for analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) supplementation in school-going children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): a randomized controlled trial

Tan

Foong

et al. 2016

BMC Nutr

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“…As wait times for a first appointment in mental health clinics often delay treatment at least 8 weeks (Gallucci, Swartz, & Hackerman, 2005; Garry, 2006; Mireau & Inch, 2009; Trusler, Doherty, Mullin, Grant, & McBride, 2006) and may delay treatment up to 6 months in some low-income communities (Cunningham, McKenzie, & Taylor, 2006), initiating a therapeutic diagnostic assessment early in the waiting process might improve functioning for some youth (Arnold, 2013). Delays in treatment are associated with significant public health concerns, including prolonged emotional distress and dysfunction, decreased treatment engagement once services are initiated, and increased risk for harm to the patient or others, physical health risk, and risk of incarceration (Brown, Parker, & Godding, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have posited that the effects of assessment and placebo can be harnessed as an opportunity to promote change as a less demanding intervention (Arnold, 2013). Response in placebo conditions (spaced assessments and a placebo capsule) among youth with mood disorders is associated with several factors including younger age (Bridge, Birmaher, Iyengar, Barbe, & Brent, 2009; Kowatch et al, 1999), lower baseline symptom severity, shorter disorder duration (Bridge et al, 2009; Cohen et al, 2010; Kowatch et al, 1999), lower socioeconomic status (Kowatch et al, 1999), and minority race (Cohen et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Therapeutic Effects of Psychodiagnostic Assessment Among Children and Adolescents Participating in Randomized Controlled Trials

Young

Meers

Vesco

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Objective This study explored predictors of improvement after completing a psychodiagnostic screening assessment but before randomization among youth who participated in two pilot randomized controlled trials of omega-3 supplementation and Individual-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (PEP). Method Ninety-five youth (56.8% male, 61.1% white) aged 7–14 with mood disorders completed screening and baseline assessments (including Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement [CGI-I], Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CDRS-R], Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS]), then were randomized into a 12-week trial of omega-3, PEP, their combination, or placebo. Results Between screening and randomization, 35.8% minimally improved (CGI-I=3), 12.6% much improved (CGI-I<3), totaling 48.4% improved. Caregiver post-secondary education (p = .018), absence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p = .027), and lower screen depression severity (p = .034) were associated with CGI-Improvement. Caregiver post-secondary education (p = .020) and absence of a disruptive behavior diagnosis (p = .038) were associated with depression severity improvement. Pre-randomization improvement moderated treatment outcomes: among youth who improved pre-randomization, those who received PEP (alone or with omega-3) had more favorable placebo-controlled depression trajectories due to a lack of placebo response. Conclusions This open-label trial of psychodiagnostic assessment provides suggestive evidence that psychodiagnostic assessment is beneficial, especially for those with depression and without externalizing disorders. Pre-randomization improvement is associated with better placebo-controlled treatment response. Future research should test alternative hypotheses for change and determine if less intensive (shorter and/or automated) assessments would provide comparable results.

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Placebo Response and the Company It Keeps

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) supplementation in school-going children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): a randomized controlled trial

Tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) supplementation in school-going children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): a randomized controlled trial

Predicting Therapeutic Effects of Psychodiagnostic Assessment Among Children and Adolescents Participating in Randomized Controlled Trials

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