Placement of the Retarded in the Community: Prognosis and Outcome

McCarver, Ronald B.; Craig, Ellis M.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(08)60052-x

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Early investigators did not directly measure QOL, but simply recorded whether deinstitutionalised people remained in the community or were re-institutionalised (Windle, Stewart & Brown, 1961;McCarver & Craig, 1974;Heal, Sigelman, & Switzky, 1978). More sophisticated studies investigated factors in the failure of community placement, including maladaptive behaviour and poor social adjustment (Fotheringham, 1970;Fotheringham, Skelton, & Haddinott, 1971;Eyeman, O'Conner, Tarjan, & Justice, 1972.).…”

Section: The Measurement Of Objective Qolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life issues in the development and evaluation of services for people with intellectual disability

McVilly

Rawlinson

1998

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability

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Section: The Measurement Of Objective Qolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life issues in the development and evaluation of services for people with intellectual disability

McVilly

Rawlinson

1998

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability

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“…Throughout the past 50 years numerous studies have documented the fact that problem behaviors and antisocial acts are among the leading reasons given for institutionalization and reinstitutionalization (Eagle, 1967;Eyman & Borthwick, 1980;Eyman, Borthwick, & Miller, 1981;Eyman, O'Connor, Tarjan, & Justice, 1972;McCarver & Craig, 1974;Moen, Bogen, & Aanes, 1975;Pagel & Whitling, 1978;Schalock, Harper, & Genung, 1981;Windle, 1962). While many other factors, including intellectual functioning, age, and physical disabilities are related to out-of-home placement, the presence of problem behaviors is a major factor in decisions related to the living situations of mentally retarded persons.…”

Section: Maladaptive and Adaptive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Behavior and Mental Retardation

1987

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Adaptive behavior and mental retardation are illustrative case study. It is argued that there are addressed in terms of their historical relationstill critical needs for the development of sound ship, current definitions and concepts, and theories and models of adaptive behavior to issues related to structure and content. The role guide future research and practice, especially in of community environmental factors in the the design of interventions to enhance the adadaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons justment and opportunities for people with is examined and the implications of using adapdisabilities. rive behavior measures is presented through an

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“…Edgerton (1967) reported that inability to manage money resulted in cash-flow problems or even uncontrolled debt for many MR individuals placed in the community. McCarver and Craig (1974), in a review of community-adjustment factors, reported studies in which the ability to manage money facilitated successful community placements. Since many community interactions involve payment for goods and services, the ability to manage money appears to be an obvious and essential community survival skill.…”

Section: Travel Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…&dquo;Despite 'common sense' expectations, there is surprisingly little evidence that pre-release training facilitates community adjustments&dquo; (Sigelman, Novak, Heal, & Switzky, 1980, p. 62). In their classic review of the literature on community placement of institutionalized MR individuals, McCarver and Craig (1974) identified only one study (Madison, 1964) that related types of training received to community success; the relationship was not statistically significant. Furthermore, there is only moderate evidence that work experience in an institution is associated with successful community placement (McCarver & Craig, 1974;Windle, 1962).…”

Section: Does Institutional Skill Training Enhance Community Integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their classic review of the literature on community placement of institutionalized MR individuals, McCarver and Craig (1974) identified only one study (Madison, 1964) that related types of training received to community success; the relationship was not statistically significant. Furthermore, there is only moderate evidence that work experience in an institution is associated with successful community placement (McCarver & Craig, 1974;Windle, 1962). However, in Gollay's study (1976) intensity of institutional programming, not surprisingly, was associated with remaining in the community.…”

Section: Does Institutional Skill Training Enhance Community Integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Teaching Community Survival Skills To Mentally Retarded Adults: A Review and Analysis

1982

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A revolution in providing residential alternatives for mentally retarded (MR) individuals has made in vivo training a part of the deinstitutionalization process. The literature indicates that institutional teaching programs may not be as effective as in vivo community training. MR adults can acquire a variety of community survival skills — the skills curriculum developers must address when they devise new and innovative community integration experiences. This paper reviews the training procedures and results of studies in 10 community survival skills: travel, money management, meal preparation, clothing and personal care, telephone use, housekeeping, self-medication, leisure, social skills, and conversation. Several suggestions are made for future research into training MR citizens for community living.The past decade has witnessed a revolution in providing residential alternatives for mentally retarded (MR) individuals. The number residing in public facilities has decreased from approximately 200,000 in 1968200,000 in (Conley, 1973 to about 140,000 today (Krantz, Bruininks, & Clumpner, 1978). It seems axiomatic that the movement of society's least competent members in such large numbers requires the commitment of major resources and attention to the preparation of both the MR individuals and the environments into which they are placed.Even though it is difficult to predict successful community placement of MR individuals, certain behaviors seem related to success. Schalock and Harper (1978) found that deficits in money management, apartment cleanliness, social behavior, and meal preparation were associated with leaving independent living placements to return to more restrictive settings. The mildly retarded individuals in this study had moved 2 years earlier into either supervised or independent apartments. In a later 5-year follow-up of the successful individuals from the earlier study, Schalock, Harper, and Carver ( 1981 ) found 80% of the individuals still in their original independent living placements. Several skill areas were determined to be important to this success: personal maintenance, communica-1 This paper was supported, in part, by an innovation and expansion grant from the Illinois Department of Rehabilitation Services.

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Placement of the Retarded in the Community: Prognosis and Outcome

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Quality of life issues in the development and evaluation of services for people with intellectual disability

Quality of life issues in the development and evaluation of services for people with intellectual disability

Adaptive Behavior and Mental Retardation

Teaching Community Survival Skills To Mentally Retarded Adults: A Review and Analysis

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