Placental exosomes and pre-eclampsia: Maternal circulating levels in normal pregnancies and, early and late onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies

Pillay, Preenan; Maharaj, Narisha; Moodley, Jagidesa; Mackraj, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.078

Cited by 144 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To date, EVs have been investigated to examine injuries to the lung 199, 276 heart, 277, 278 and kidney 239, 240 , as well as indications of preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of liver and kidney damages. 243–245 For example, in an acute lung injury models, Moon et al . demonstrated that lung epithelial cell-derived EVs contain caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic factor, which activates macrophages.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Ev Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technologies for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2018

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells. Similar sized vesicles can be further classified (e.g., exosomes, microvesicles) based on their biogenesis, size and biophysical properties. Although initially thought to be cellular debris, and thus under-appreciated, EVs are now increasingly recognized as important vehicles of intercellular communication and circulating biomarkers for disease diagnoses and prognosis. Despite their clinical potential, the lack of sensitive preparatory and analytical technologies for EVs poses a barrier to clinical translation. New analytical platforms including molecular ones are thus actively being developed to address these challenges. Recent advances in the field are expected to have far-reaching impact in both basic and translational studies. This article aims to present a comprehensive and critical overview of emerging analytical technologies for EV detection, and their clinical applications.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Ev Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technologies for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2018

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“…Alternatively, the direct quantification of placenta-derived exosomes from total purified exosomes using PLAP as a placenta-specific marker has been achieved. [79][80][81][82][83][84][85] In contrast to immunocapture methods, this method eliminates inaccuracies attributed to the lower exosomal yield obtained using immunocapture techniques. However, the direct quantification of placentaderived exosomes in maternal circulation is largely dependent on the purity of the exosomal fraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…80,85,86 Additionally, this technology enables the use of placenta-specific fluorescent probes, such as PLAP and other exosome-specific protein markers, for the quantification of placenta-derived vesicles. 86,87 With advances in exosome-isolation and -detection technologies, the expected challenges would not only include the discovery of specific PE exosomal markers but also how to incorporate these markers into regulatory decision-making and clinical practice.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This is based on the theory that placenta-derived and total exosomes increase throughout gestation in normal pregnancy, 80,81 which have been found to be altered in earlyand late-onset PE. 85 This model represents the classification of early-and late-onset PE based on the ratio of the rate of change of total exosomes to placenta-derived exosomes within a specified gestational age range represented by the following elementary formulae: + total exosomes, and G gestational age. With this hypothetical model, at any specified time period during pregnancy, the calculation of the rate of change in total exosomes to placenta-derived exosomes can be used to assess placental function, impending PE, and the severity of the complication.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…98 Although these exosomal membrane-bound proteins are associated with pregnancy, they cannot be used as definitive markers of placenta-derived exosomes, due to their lack of placental specificity; therefore, placental ALP remains the marker of choice when isolating and identifying placenta-derived exosomes. [79][80][81]85,90,99,100 Even though it is known that exosomes contain mRNA and miRNA, which are key molecular mediators in translational and posttranscriptional modification, the exact composition of these exosomal constituents has not been elucidated in placenta-derived exosomes. Therefore, future studies should incorporate identification of novel nucleic acid sequences in placenta-derived exosomes in normal and PE pregnancies to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of these vesicles as biomarkers of PE.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Placenta-derived exosomes: potential biomarkers of preeclampsia

Pillay¹,

Moodley²,

Moodley³

et al. 2017

IJN

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111

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Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality, due to ineffective treatment and diagnostic strategies, compounded by the lack of clarity on the etiology of the disorder. Although several clinical and biological markers of preeclampsia have been evaluated, they have proven to be ineffective in providing a definitive diagnosis during the various stages of the disorder. Exosomes have emerged as ideal biomarkers of pathological states, such as cancer, and have more recently gained interest in pregnancy-related complications, due to their role in cellular communication in normal and complicated pregnancies. This occurs as a result of the specific placenta-derived exosomal molecular cargo, which may be involved in normal pregnancy-associated immunological events, such as the maintenance of maternal–fetal tolerance. This review provides perspectives on placenta-derived exosomes as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis/prognosis of preeclampsia. Using keywords, online databases were searched to identify relevant publications to review the potential use of placenta-derived exosomes as biomarkers of preeclampsia.

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Preeclampsia and the Kidney: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Dines¹,

Šuvakov²,

Kattah³

et al. 2023

Comprehensive Physiology

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Preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This group of disorders includes chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and eclampsia. The body undergoes important physiological changes during pregnancy to allow for normal placental and fetal development. Several mechanisms have been proposed that may lead to preeclampsia, including abnormal placentation and placental hypoxia, impaired angiogenesis, excessive pro-inflammatory response, immune system imbalance, abnormalities of cellular senescence, alterations in regulation and activity of angiotensin II, and oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in upregulation of multiple mediators of endothelial cell dysfunction leading to maternal disease. The clinical implications of preeclampsia are significant as there are important short-term and long-term health consequences for those affected. Preeclampsia leads to increased risk of preterm delivery and increased morbidity and mortality of both the developing fetus and mother. Preeclampsia also commonly leads to acute kidney injury, and women who experience preeclampsia or another hypertensive disorder of pregnancy are at increased lifetime risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. An understanding of normal pregnancy physiology and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is essential to develop novel treatment approaches and manage patients with preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

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Placental exosomes and pre-eclampsia: Maternal circulating levels in normal pregnancies and, early and late onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies

Cited by 144 publications

References 34 publications

New Technologies for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

New Technologies for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

Placenta-derived exosomes: potential biomarkers of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia and the Kidney: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

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