Placental transfer of perfluorinated compounds is selective – A Norwegian Mother and Child sub-cohort study

Gützkow, Kristine B.; Haug, Line Småstuen; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sabaredzovic, Azemira; Becher, Georg; Brunborg, Gunnar

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.011

Cited by 183 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fei et al (2007) measured PFOA and PFOS levels in 50 cord blood samples within The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) from 1996 to 2002 and found levels comparable to the cord blood levels in the Danish samples observed in our study. A Norwegian study carried out using cord blood samples collected from 1997 to 1998 found lower median PFOA and PFOS levels than those found in our study, whereas the more recently introduced PFASs PFHxS, PFDA, and PFNA were found in higher concentrations (Gutzkow et al 2012). Male reproductive organ programming window occurs at gestational weeks 8-15 (Welsh et al 2008), and we measured PFAS levels in cord blood months later.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Short-chained PFASs are found in higher proportions in cord blood than long-chained ones (Ehresman et al 2007, Gutzkow et al 2012. A few studies have measured PFOA and PFOS levels in serum samples collected from Danish pregnant and pre-pregnant women (Fei et al 2009, Vestergaard et al 2012, but few studies have measured PFAS levels in cord blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No association between exposure to perfluorinated compounds and congenital cryptorchidism: a nested case–control study among 215 boys from Denmark and Finland

Jensen¹,

Christensen²,

Virtanen³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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Geographical differences in the occurrence of diseases in male reproductive organs, including malformation in reproductive tract, between Denmark and Finland have been reported. The reason for these differences is unknown, but differences in exposure to chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities have been suggested. Among these chemicals are perfluoro-alkylated substances (PFASs), a group of water-and grease-repellent chemicals used in outdoor clothes, cookware, food packaging, and textiles. In this study, we, therefore, investigated differences in PFAS exposure levels between Denmark and Finland and the association between cord blood PFAS levels and congenital cryptorchidism. Boys from a joint ongoing prospective birth cohort study were included. We analyzed PFAS levels in cord blood serum samples collected from 29 Danish boys with congenital cryptorchidism, 30 healthy Danish matched controls recruited from 1997 to 2001, 30 Finnish cases, and 78 Finnish healthy matched controls recruited from 1997 to 1999. Additionally, 48 Finnish cases recruited from 2000 to 2002 were included. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected in all the 215 Danish and Finnish cord blood samples with significantly higher levels being observed in the Danish samples (medians: PFOA, 2.6 ng/ml and PFOS, 9.1 ng/ml) than in the Finnish samples (medians: PFOA, 2.1 ng/ml and PFOS, 5.2 ng/ml). We found no associations between cord blood PFOA and PFOS levels and congenital cryptorchidism after adjustment for confounders. Our data indicate that women in Denmark and Finland are generally exposed to PFOA and PFOS but there are differences in exposure levels between countries. We found no statistically significant association between cord blood PFOA and PFOS levels and congenital cryptorchidism; however, our study was small and larger studies are warranted.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No association between exposure to perfluorinated compounds and congenital cryptorchidism: a nested case–control study among 215 boys from Denmark and Finland

Jensen¹,

Christensen²,

Virtanen³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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“…The maternal serum concentration of PFASs before GA 16 weeks was used as proxy for prenatal exposure since PFAS has been shown to cross the placenta (Gützkow et al 2012;Needham et al 2011). Serum concentrations of PFAS are known to decrease throughout pregnancy, but PFAS measurements at different time points during pregnancy are highly correlated (Glynn et al 2012) and the compounds have long half-lives of 4-5 years (Olsen et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds and symptoms of infections at age 1–4years among 359 children in the Odense Child Cohort

Dalsager

Christensen

Husby

et al. 2016

Environment International

101

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Introduction: Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent industrial chemicals that have resulted in global environmental exposures. Previous epidemiological studies have reported possible effects on the immune system after developmental PFAS exposure, but the possible impact on childhood infectious disease is unclear.Objectives: To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and symptoms of infections at age 1-4 years. Methods:The Odense Child Cohort is an on-going prospective study on children's health, where serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured in 649 pregnant women before gestational week 16. Of these women, 359 reported on symptoms of infection in their child every two weeks for a one-year period. The association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and the symptoms was estimated using a logistic regression model and a negative binomial regression model. For the latter, the outcome was reported as an incidence rate-ratio (IRR), and all models were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, parity and child age.Results: On average, and accounting for incomplete reporting, the children experienced symptoms of infection 23% of the time during one year. PFOS exposure in the high tertile compared to the low tertile was associated with a statistically significant increased proportion of days with fever (IRR: 1.65 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.18), p-trend<0.001) and an increased odds of experiencing days with fever above the median (OR: 2.35 (95%CI: 1.31, 4.11). The latter tendency was also apparent for PFOA (OR: 1.97 (95%CI: 1.07, 3.62). Further, higher concentrations of PFOS and PFOA tended to increase the number of episodes of cooccurrence of fever and coughing and fever and nasal discharge during the one-year study period. 4 Conclusion:We found a positive association between prenatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA and the prevalence of fever, which may be a sensitive marker of infection. This finding is in agreement with an immunotoxic effect of prenatal exposure to PFAS. The wider implications for childhood infectious disease deserve attention.

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“…The maternal levels (via blood samples from mothers) and foetal levels (via cord blood) of PFCs are significantly correlated (Gutzkow et al, 2012). The adjusted birth weight z scores were slightly lower among infants born to mothers in the highest quartiles of PFCs compared with infants born to mothers in the lowest quartiles.…”

Section: Maternal Exposure To Pfcsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

Choi¹,

Mørck²,

Polcher³

et al. 2015

EFS3

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Human biomonitoring (HBM) measures the levels of substances in body fluids and tissues. Many countries have conducted HBM studies, yet little is known about its application towards chemical risk assessment, particularly in relation to food safety. Therefore a literature search was performed in several databases and conference proceedings for 2002 -2014. Definitions of HBM and biomarkers, HBM techniques and requirements, and the possible application to the different steps of risk assessment were described. The usefulness of HBM for exposure assessment of chemical substances from food source, and for the implementation of a systematic Post Market Monitoring (PMM) approach for regulated chemical substances was evaluated. An inventory of HBM programmes provides detailed information about study design, analytical methods, reference values (RV) and biomarkers used. Environmental monitoring and associations between HBM values and food, as well as coverage of substances and remaining deficits are highlighted. The review of study results provides information on emerging chemicals, higher exposed and particularly vulnerable populations.Conclusions: HBM can bring added value for chemical risk assessment in food safety areas (namely exposure assessment), and for the implementation of a systematic PMM approach. But further work needs to be done to improve usability. Major deficits are the lack of HBM guidance values on a considerable number of substance groups, for which health based guidance values (HBGVs) have been developed, insufficient knowledge regarding exposure sources, and incomplete dietary intake assessment. Recommendations: We recommend to foster development of HBM based guidance values and validated analytical methods/BMs, stronger inclusion of substances of interest for EFSA in European surveys, expanded monitoring of highly exposed and vulnerable subgroups, uptake of EFSA guidance concerning dietary intake assessment, as well as biobanking, surveillance synergies and targeted research, and an EU wide collaborative approach to support the future use of HBM in PMM.©BiPRO GmbH, 2015 DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded foll...

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Placental transfer of perfluorinated compounds is selective – A Norwegian Mother and Child sub-cohort study

Cited by 183 publications

References 30 publications

No association between exposure to perfluorinated compounds and congenital cryptorchidism: a nested case–control study among 215 boys from Denmark and Finland

No association between exposure to perfluorinated compounds and congenital cryptorchidism: a nested case–control study among 215 boys from Denmark and Finland

Association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds and symptoms of infections at age 1–4years among 359 children in the Odense Child Cohort

Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

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