Placental Transport of Nutrients to the Fetus

Ww, Hay

doi:10.1159/000184196

Cited by 81 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…During normal pregnancy, maternal lipid, and glucose metabolism is profoundly altered [ 140 ]. The developing fetus uses glucose as its predominant energy source, which puts a continuous demand on the mother to provide this substrate [ 141 ]. This constant need for glucose results in frequent hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia during normal pregnancy [ 141 ].…”

Section: Ppars and Pregnancy-specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The developing fetus uses glucose as its predominant energy source, which puts a continuous demand on the mother to provide this substrate [ 141 ]. This constant need for glucose results in frequent hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia during normal pregnancy [ 141 ]. Problems with energy metabolism such as GDM are not uncommon and are often observed in susceptible women at this time.…”

Section: Ppars and Pregnancy-specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

et al. 2007

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During pregnancy crucial anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic changes challenge the mother and the fetus. The placenta is a remarkable organ that allows the mother and the fetus to adapt to the new metabolic, immunologic, and angiogenic environment imposed by gestation. One of the physiologic systems that appears to have evolved to sustain this metabolic regulation is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In clinical pregnancy-specific disorders, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction, aberrant regulation of components of the PPAR system parallels dysregulation of metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of PPARs in regulating human trophoblast invasion, early placental development, and also in the physiology of clinical pregnancy and its complications. As increasingly indicated in the literature, pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, represent potential targets for treatment with PPAR ligands. With the advent of more specific PPAR agonists that exhibit efficacy in ameliorating metabolic, inflammatory, and angiogenic disturbances, further studies of their application in pregnancy-related diseases are warranted.

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Section: Ppars and Pregnancy-specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ppars and Pregnancy-specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

et al. 2007

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“…The placenta plays a major role in fetal nutrition and fetal growth as nutrients from the maternal circulation need to be transported across the placenta to reach the fetal circulation [10]. Furthermore, the placenta itself metabolizes some of the nutrients taken up by the placenta, thereby making the placenta more than a passive conduit of nutrient transport [11]. We have previously illustrated the mediating effect of placental weight in the associations between maternal factors and three different measures of fetal growth; birthweight, intrauterine fetal growth and neonatal fat percentage [5], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Factors Associated with Fetal Growth and Birthweight Are Independent Determinants of Placental Weight and Exhibit Differential Effects by Fetal Sex

et al. 2014

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IntroductionMaternal nutritional and metabolic factors influence the developmental environment of the fetus. Virtually any nutritional factor in the maternal blood has to pass the placental membranes to reach the fetal blood. Placental weight is a commonly used measure to summarize placental growth and function. Placental weight is an independent determinant of fetal growth and birthweight and modifies the associations between maternal metabolic factors and fetal growth. We hypothesized that maternal factors known to be related to fetal growth, newborn size and body composition are determinants of placental weight and that effects of maternal metabolic factors on placental weight differ between the genders.MethodsThe STORK study is a prospective longitudinal study including 1031 healthy pregnant women of Scandinavian heritage with singleton pregnancies. Maternal determinants (parity, body mass index, gestational weight gain and fasting plasma glucose) of placental weight were explored by linear regression models, stratified by fetal sex.ResultsParity, maternal BMI, gestational weight gain and fasting glucose had positive effects on placental weight. There was a sex specific effect in these associations. Fasting glucose was significantly associated with placental weight in females but not in males.ConclusionMaternal factors known to influence fetal growth, birthweight and neonatal body composition are determinants of placental weight. The effect of maternal factors on placental weight is influenced by sex as illustrated in the relation between maternal glucose and placental weight.

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“…Glucocorticoids are required in late gestation for fetal organ system maturation such as the heart, lung, and gut [ 25 ]. The fetal cardiac glucose uptake is facilitated through the insulin-independent glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) [ 26 ] with anaerobic glycolysis largely meeting the ATP demands [ 27 ]. However, with no continuous placental nutrient supply shortly after birth, the circulating oxygen supply rapidly increases to drive mitochondrial ATP production to maintain cardiac energy demands over the life course [ 28 ].…”

Section: Cardiac Development Bioenergetics and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Cerf

2018

Medicina

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Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.

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Placental Transport of Nutrients to the Fetus

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

Maternal Factors Associated with Fetal Growth and Birthweight Are Independent Determinants of Placental Weight and Exhibit Differential Effects by Fetal Sex

Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes

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