Placentation in mammals: Definitive placenta, yolk sac, and paraplacenta

Carter, A.M.; Enders, Allen C.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.041

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…As has recently been reviewed (Carter, 2015;Carter and Enders, 2016), development of the fetal membranes proceeds quite differently in other mammals, including human and mouse. Figure 2.…”

Section: Fetal Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the polar zone of the chorioallantois of the cat exhibits pinocytotic activity (Leiser and Enders, 1980a), whilst the remainder of the paraplacenta is haemophagous (Leiser and Enders, 1980b). A prominent haemophagous organ occupies a central, antimesometrial position in the sea otter and other mustelids, in skunks, and in raccoons and allies (reviewed in Carter and Enders, 2016); these three families share a common ancestor (Eizirik et al, 2010). Even the haemochorial placenta of hyaenas has haemophagous areas (Fig.…”

Section: Areolae and Haemophagous Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uterine glands below also stain for cytokeratin. Reprinted with permission from Carter and Enders (2016). D. Fetal villus of a pangolin (Manis sp.)…”

Section: Areolae and Haemophagous Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in flow cytometry in basic and applied equine andrology

2017

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Molecular phylogenetics has made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the relationships between mammalian orders and has generated trees that can be used to examine the evolution of anatomical and physiological traits. We here summarize findings on fetal membranes and placentation in Ferungulata, a clade comprising carnivores, pangolins, and even-and odd-toed ungulates. Their early ontogeny shows several conserved traits such as superficial attachment of the blastocyst, amnion formation by folding, a large allantoic sac and a temporary yolk sac placenta. In contrast, several characters of the chorioallantoic placenta are derived, including the diffuse and cotyledonary placental types in ungulates and zonary placenta in carnivores, specializations of the interhaemal barrier, the presence of areolae or haemophagous regions and lack of stromal decidual cells. Ungulates produce large amounts of placental proteins including placental lactogens and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Evolutionary innovations of the placental system may contribute to the high diversity of lifestyles within Ferungulata and be linked to the evolution of highly precocial offspring in ungulates.

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“…As has recently been reviewed (Carter, 2015;Carter and Enders, 2016), development of the fetal membranes proceeds quite differently in other mammals, including human and mouse. Figure 2.…”

Section: Fetal Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Areolae and Haemophagous Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in flow cytometry in basic and applied equine andrology

2017

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“…The zonary discoid endotheliocorial placentae of many Carnivora have peripheral haemophagous zones through which transfer of large plasma proteins such as immunoglobulins may occur, possibly by pinocytosis and phagocytosis of maternal blood rather than mediated by FcRn [32,33]. Among the Carnivora, trans-placental transfer of IgG occurs to a limited degree in dogs [34], but apparently not in cats [35], but we know of no published information on this for pinnipeds.…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid changes in Atlantic grey seal milk from birth to desertion

Bawazeer

et al. 2017

Preprint

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True seals have the shortest lactation periods of any group of placental mammal. Most are capital breeders that undergo short, intense lactations, during which they fast while transferring substantial proportions of their body reserves to their pups, which they then abruptly desert. Milk was collected from Atlantic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) periodically from birth until near desertion. Milk protein profiles matured within 24 hours or less, indicating the most rapid transition from colostrum to mature phase lactation yet observed. There was an unexpected persistence of immunoglobulin G almost until weaning, potentially indicating prolonged trans-intestinal transfer of IgG. Among components of innate immune protection were found fucosyllactose and siallylactose that are thought to impede colonisation by pathogens and encourage an appropriate gut microbiome. These oligosaccharides decreased from early lactation to almost undetectable levels by weaning. Taurine levels were initially high, then fell, possibly indicative of taurine dependency in seals, and progressive depletion of maternal reserves. Metabolites that could signal changes in the mother's metabolism of fats, such as nicotinamide and derivatives, rose from virtual absence, and acetylcarnitines fell. It is therefore possible that indicators of maternal metabolic strain exist that signal the imminence of desertion.

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“…The human placenta is hemochorial (maternal blood is in direct contact with fetal trophoblast) and discoidal in shape with villous materno-fetal interdigitations [24]. Within each placenta type developed in various eutherians, trophoblast forms the outer layer of a blastocyst, then expands into the trophectoderm—chorionic epithelium, which together with the endometrium, forms the placenta [25]. Within a very precise feto-maternal interface [26,27], specific expression of the PAGs is cell- and pregnancy stage-dependent [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Placentally Expressed Aspartic Proteinase in Humans

Majewska

Lipka

Panasiewicz

et al. 2017

IJMS

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This study presents pioneering data concerning the human pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-Like family, identified in the genome, of the term placental transcriptome and proteome. RNA-seq allowed the identification of 1364 bp hPAG-L/pep cDNA with at least 56.5% homology with other aspartic proteinases (APs). In silico analyses revealed 388 amino acids (aa) of full-length hPAG-L polypeptide precursor, with 15 aa-signal peptide, 47 aa-blocking peptide and 326 aa-mature protein, and two Asp residues (D), specific for a catalytic cleft of the APs (VVFDTGSSNLWV91-102 and AIVDTGTSLLTG274-285). Capillary sequencing identified 9330 bp of the hPAG-L gene (Gen Bank Acc. No. KX533473), composed of nine exons and eight introns. Heterologous Western blotting revealed the presence of one dominant 60 kDa isoform of the hPAG-L amongst cellular placental proteins. Detection with anti-pPAG-P and anti-Rec pPAG2 polyclonals allowed identification of the hPAG-L proteins located within regions of chorionic villi, especially within the syncytiotrophoblast of term singleton placentas. Our novel data extend the present knowledge about the human genome, as well as placental transcriptome and proteome during term pregnancy. Presumably, this may contribute to establishing a new diagnostic tool for examination of some disturbances during human pregnancy, as well as growing interest from both scientific and clinical perspectives.

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Placentation in mammals: Definitive placenta, yolk sac, and paraplacenta

Cited by 52 publications

References 67 publications

Advances in flow cytometry in basic and applied equine andrology

Advances in flow cytometry in basic and applied equine andrology

Rapid changes in Atlantic grey seal milk from birth to desertion

Identification of Novel Placentally Expressed Aspartic Proteinase in Humans

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