Placid—A clean process for recycling lead from batteries

Díaz, Gustavo Calero; Andrews, David A.

doi:10.1007/bf03221358

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Intensive research in the 1980s and 1990s led to many piloted technologies such as Revere Smelting and Refining (RSR) [20], Bureau of Mines Process (BMP) [20], FLUBOR [21**,22] and PLACID [23,24] processes. In the mid-1990s, the FLUBOR process [22], developed by Engitec Impianti, was piloted at 45 kgPb day -1 at Asarco's East Helena Lead Smelter using granulated lead bullion and successfully produced 99.9% pure lead sheets.…”

Section: Chemistries For Lead Electrowinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, a demonstration plant reported production of 2000 tPb a -1 [25**]. The PLACID process [23,24], led by Téchnicas Reunidas, was piloted during 1995-1996, to produce 400 kgPb day -1 with an average purity of 99.995% . It was envisaged that a production version of this process would have a minimum output capacity of 730 tPb a -1 cell -1 with current densities of 1000-1200 A m -2 and a mass-specific electrical energy consumption of 0.9 kW h kgPb -1 .…”

Section: Chemistries For Lead Electrowinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Tan

Payne

Hallett

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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The lead-acid battery recycling industry is very well established, but the conventional pyrometallurgical processes are far from environmentally benign. Hence, recent developments of lead-acid battery recycling technologies have focused on low-temperature (electro-)hydrometallurgical processes, the subject of this review, covering modified electrolytes, improved reaction engineering, better reactor design and control of operating conditions.

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Section: Chemistries For Lead Electrowinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistries For Lead Electrowinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Tan

Payne

Hallett

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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“…The earliest examples of lead extraction via hydrometallurgical routes belong to the category of electrowining. Thus, a broad range of processes have been developed under this category (Díaz and Andrews, 1996;Prengaman, 1995). The common steps of each of them can be listed as desulphurisation (whether realised together with leaching or before), leaching and electrolytic reduction.…”

Section: Electrowinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of management strategies and generation factors for spent lead acid battery recovery plant wastes in Turkey

2018

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The recovery of spent or waste lead acid batteries is important both for the management of lead input to the environment and to meet the lead demand of the market in a more energy and cost effective manner than primary production. As an important producer of lead acid batteries for the Middle Eastern and Eastern European market, Turkey seems to meet 22%–52% of its total lead demand by waste lead acid battery recovery. In this study, the wastes from Turkish waste lead acid battery recovery plants are identified and management strategies that are both technically sufficient and economically feasible for each of these wastes are complied. Furthermore, ranges of the amount of each waste generated per mass of final lead produced in these plants are estimated. Some of the most significantly generated wastes are lead containing dusts, wash water treatment sludges and slags from smelting furnaces with generation rates between 5–250, 1–150 and 5–100 kg t−1 of product lead, respectively. Many of these can be fed back to the recovery process inside the plants except a subset of slags that are called ‘final slag’ and have low (5%–6%) lead content. Final slags can either be recovered for the production of cement, road-filling materials or abrasives proven that they are in a non-leachable, stable state or should be stored at hazardous waste landfills. For improved environmental performance, newly emerging techniques that eliminate the generation of such slags are also discussed and suggested.

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“…Reduction electrolysis deposition technology. Different from the direct lead reduction electrolysis process, a new PLACID (the name comes from PLomo + ACIDo) process has been designed (Andrews et al, 2000;Díaz and Andrews, 1996;Pan and Bian, 2014). This is a hydrometallurgical technique for recovering lead from spent battery paste in which diluted hydrochloric acid brine was first used as a reducing agent to transform the lead sulphide in the lead paste into soluble lead chloride.…”

Section: Hydrometallurgy Of Wlassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and management of waste lead-acid batteries: A mini-review

Liu

Han

2016

Waste Manag Res

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As a result of the wide application of lead-acid batteries to be the power supplies for vehicles, their demand has rapidly increased owing to their low cost and high availability. Accordingly, the amount of waste lead-acid batteries has increased to new levels; therefore, the pollution caused by the waste lead-acid batteries has also significantly increased. Because lead is toxic to the environment and to humans, recycling and management of waste lead-acid batteries has become a significant challenge and is capturing much public attention. Various innovations have been recently proposed to recycle lead and lead-containing compounds from waste lead-acid batteries. In this mini-review article, different recycling techniques for waste lead-acid batteries are highlighted. The present state of such recycling and its future perspectives are also discussed. We hope that this mini-review can provide useful information on recovery and recycling of lead from waste lead-acid batteries in the field of solid waste treatment.

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Placid—A clean process for recycling lead from batteries

Abstract: The Placid process is a hydrometallurgical technique for recovering lead from spent battery pastes. The process, when used in combination with a pyrometallurgy process, has the potential to recover high-purity lead and offers significant environmental improvements.

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Identification of management strategies and generation factors for spent lead acid battery recovery plant wastes in Turkey

Recycling and management of waste lead-acid batteries: A mini-review

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