Placing human rights and environmental issues on Asean's agenda: The role of non‐governmental organizations

ASEAN and Its People: Regional Internationalism and the Politics of Exclusion

“…The worldwide proliferation of NGOs in the 1990s reached Southeast Asia at the end of that decade. Since then, the Southeast Asian NGO scene has become more diversified and pluriform (Aviel 1999;Aviel 2000). While there is little doubt that the number of people oriented in grassroots groups and community organizations has increased, so have NGOs with a profound government, donor or business orientation (Reinalda 2001).…”

5. ASEAN and Its People

“…The worldwide proliferation of NGOs in the 1990s reached Southeast Asia at the end of that decade. Since then, the Southeast Asian NGO scene has become more diversified and pluriform (Aviel 1999;Aviel 2000). While there is little doubt that the number of people oriented in grassroots groups and community organizations has increased, so have NGOs with a profound government, donor or business orientation (Reinalda 2001).…”

“…Based on the status of these NGOs within ASEAN and their specific role, these organizations should be qualified as QUANGOs. NGOs that pursue a proper public interest and serve rather than represent the interest of the people have to face governmental 'countermovements' and restrictions in displaying their views, which underlines the differences between elite and non-elite NGOs in Southeast Asia (Aviel 2000). Aviel states as follows:…”

ASEAN's Engagement of Civil Society

“…Lim 2011;Morada 2008;Nesadurai 2010;Quayle 2012;Rüland 2013). Aviel (2000), Chandra (2006Chandra ( , 2009, Chandra and Chavez (2008), Igarashi (2011) and Nesadurai (2011), meanwhile, have highlighted CSOs' expanding efforts to engage ASEAN over the past decade and a half. However, explanations of ASEAN's particular approach to engaging CSOs and the limitations of their inclusion in policymaking remain underdeveloped.…”