Plague Outbreak of a Marmota himalayana Family Emerging from Hibernation

Tang, Deming; Duan, Ran; Chen, Yuhuang; Liang, Junrong; Zheng, Xiaojin; Qin, Shuai; Bukai, Asaiti; Lu, Xinmin; Xi, Jinxiao; Lv, Dongyue; He, Zhaokai; Wu, Weiwei; Xiao, Meng; Jing, Huaiqi; Wang, Xin

doi:10.1089/vbz.2022.0010

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The M. himalayana plague focus in China is a highly prevalent region for animal and human plague. Animal plague occurs every year ( 6 ), with occasional transmission to humans ( 7 – 8 ), highlighting the importance of monitoring animal plague. In recent years, the isolation rate of Y. pestis in marmots has continuously risen from 6.46% in 2019 to 22.05% in 2022.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Climate Change and Marmot Plague of Marmota himalayana Plague Focus — the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China, 2000–2022

Duan,

Zheng,

Gan

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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Introduction Plague is a zoonotic disease that occurs naturally in specific geographic areas. Climate change can influence the populations of the plague host or vector, leading to variations in the occurrence and epidemiology of plague in animals. Methods In this study, we collected meteorological and plague epidemiological data from the Marmota himalayana plague focus in the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The data spanned from 2000 to 2022. We describe the climatic factors and plague epidemic conditions and we describe their analysis by Pearson’s correlation. Results During the period from 2000 to 2022, the isolation rates of Yersinia pestis ( Y.pestis ) from marmots and fleas were 9.27% (451/4,864) and 7.17% (118/1,646), respectively. Additionally, we observed a positive rate of F1 antibody of 11.25% (443/3,937) in marmots and 18.16% (142/782) in dogs. With regards to climate, there was little variation, and a decreasing trend in blowing-sand days was observed. The temperature in the previous year showed a negative correlation with the Y. pestis isolation rate in marmots (r=−0.555, P =0.011) and the positive rate of F1 antibody in marmots (r=−0.552, P =0.012) in the current year. The average annual precipitation in the previous two years showed a positive correlation with marmot density (r=0.514, P =0.024), while blowing-sand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density (r=−0.701, P =0.001). Furthermore, the average annual precipitation in the previous three years showed a positive correlation with the isolation rate of Y. pestis from marmots (r=0.666, P =0.003), and blowing-sand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density (r=−0.597, P =0.009). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that there is a hysteresis effect of climate change on the prevalence of plague. Therefore, monitoring climate conditions can offer significant insights for implementing timely preventive and control measures to combat plague epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Climate Change and Marmot Plague of Marmota himalayana Plague Focus — the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China, 2000–2022

Duan,

Zheng,

Gan

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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“…3 The first symptoms are mainly fever and fatigue, and cases of pleural involvement are rare. [1][2][3][4] Pleurisy and pleural effusion caused by Brucella infection have been reported only as individual cases globally, and to our knowledge, no large-sample-size studies have been published. The diagnosis and treatment of a case of Brucella pleurisy misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy are summarized in this case report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in northern pastoral areas, such as Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang, China, 1 , 2 and one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. 3 Brucella transmission routes are diverse, including the respiratory and digestive tracts, skin, and mucous membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella pleuritis misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleuritis: a case report

et al. 2023

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Pleurisy and pleural effusion caused by Brucella infection are rare. However, clinicians lack an understanding of these possibilities, and the underlying disorder is easy to misdiagnose. We report a 52-year-old male farmer who was admitted to hospital with a fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Closed chest drainage was performed by thoracocentesis, and the concentration of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the pleural fluid was >45 U/L. Mononuclear cells in the pleural fluid accounted for 90% of the cells, and pathology indicated a large number of lymphocytes. The clinical diagnosis was tuberculosis with tuberculous pleurisy. However, subsequent pleural fluid culture results did not support tuberculous pleurisy. The results of pleural fluid culture indicated Brucella, and the results of Brucella tiger red plate agglutination indicated a titer of 1:400 (+++). The final diagnosis was brucellosis with pneumonia and pleurisy. After 12 weeks of oral treatment, the patient underwent follow-up chest radiographs. Radiography indicated complete resolution of the hydrothorax and pneumonia, and the patient reported no discomfort. The short-term curative effect was excellent. Pleurisy associated with brucellosis should be considered a differential for pleurisy in regions where brucellosis is endemic, to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.

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“… Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague, is transmitted by flea bites or aerosols and causes highly severe infections, i.e., bubonic and pneumonic plague ( 1 ). Marmota himalayana is the main natural host of plague and is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China ( 2 , 3 ). Fleas are important vectors of Y. pestis between the host (wild animals or synanthropic rodents) and humans ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marmota himalayana is the main natural host of plague and is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China ( 2 , 3 ). Fleas are important vectors of Y. pestis between the host (wild animals or synanthropic rodents) and humans ( 3 ). From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with four antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%