Plan-view and cross-sectional TEM observations of interfacial reactions and fractal formation in a-Ge/Au films

Bo, Bo; Bian,; Tomoya,; Tanaka, M.; Tadakatsu,; Ohkubo,; Yoshihiko,; Hirotsu,

doi:10.1080/01418619808244806

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“…30 (iii) In general, the tips of nanofractal branches are always in direct contact with the dark gray contrast regions during annealing; therefore, the nanofractal branches would extend along the dark gray regions. 31 To our surprise, we found that the Au and Ge layers largely exchanged their positions in the annealed bilayer films since the Au layer is on the top of the Ge layer in the as-prepared Au/Ge bilayer film before annealing. This phenomenon has also been found in amorphous Si/Al bilayer films by Mittemeijer et al 32,33 After annealing, the Ge nanofractals appear clearly on the top of the Au layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…(ii) As the tip of the Ge nanofractal does not directly contact the black regions, this implies that the Au grains recede from, and the Ge nanocrystals grow into, the nanofractal regions . (iii) In general, the tips of nanofractal branches are always in direct contact with the dark gray contrast regions during annealing; therefore, the nanofractal branches would extend along the dark gray regions . To our surprise, we found that the Au and Ge layers largely exchanged their positions in the annealed bilayer films since the Au layer is on the top of the Ge layer in the as-prepared Au/Ge bilayer film before annealing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Controllable Growth and Unexpected Effects of Ge Nanocrystals

Chen

Pan

et al. 2011

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Being a smart material, nanoscale semiconductors have displayed properties unique to their small size in comparison with the normal bulk materials owing to the effect of quantum confinement on electronic and optical properties. There are potential applications in novel photonic devices. 1À4 For example, when the diameter of a Si nanowire is reduced to the order of magnitude of the electron's de Broglie wavelength, visible photoluminescence may be produced. Much attention has been paid to the investigation of group IV semiconductor nanocrystals, such as nanowires/nanorods and nanotubes, due to their contribution to the understanding of fundamental principles in mesoscopic physics, as well as the potential applications in optoelectronic devices. 5À7 Due to its advantageous semiconducting, optical, and chemical properties, germanium has many important fields of application, such as infrared detector devices, optical lens systems for infrared, fiber optics, electronic devices, and solar cells. 8 For example, Ge wafers have been used in the manufacture of solar cells, though there are other emerging applications which are starting to gather momentum, such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and high electron mobility transistors, etc. 9 In recent years, semiconductor Ge and composites have also attracted much attention due to their broad application in many fields, such as microelectronic devices, one-dimensional quantum transistors, and light-emitting diodes. 10À12 Considerable effort has been focused on the

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