Planar electrochemical sensors based on tape-cast YSZ layers and oxide electrodes

Bartolomeo, Elisabetta Di; Kaabbuathong, Narin; Grilli, Maria Luisa; Traversa, Enrico

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.05.003

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figure 13.21 [254][255][256][257][258] shows that the outputs of CO sensors with YSZ electrolytes and WO 3 electrodes decrease with increasing temperature, which, as discussed earlier, is a general tendency for nonequilibrium sensors. Tungsten oxide has also been used as an electrode for NO x sensors [246,[254][255][256][257][258][259][261][262][263], some examples of which are shown in Figure 13.22 [254-259, 262, 263]. Nickel oxide has also been used as the electrode material for NO x sensors [264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274].…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…WO 3 has been used as an electrode for CO sensors [254][255][256][257][258][259][260]. Figure 13.21 [254][255][256][257][258] shows that the outputs of CO sensors with YSZ electrolytes and WO 3 electrodes decrease with increasing temperature, which, as discussed earlier, is a general tendency for nonequilibrium sensors.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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“…The total flow rate of the base gas (dry synthetic air) or the sample gas was fixed at 100 cm 3 /min. The sample gases were prepared by diluting the parent gases with dry synthetic air.…”

Section: Measurement Of Sensing Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric-type NOx sensor based on YSZ electrolyte and La-based perovskite-type oxide sensing electrode

Ueda

Nagano

Okawa

et al. 2010

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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At present, lean-burn type engines or diesel engines for passenger cars have been developed and installed into automobiles to improve fuel efficiency. In these cases, NOx storage catalysts or selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are also installed for reducing NOx emission. In order to control these systems more efficiently, NOx sensor which responds selectively, quickly, and quantitatively are necessary. Here we focused on the NO direct decomposition function of La-based perovskite oxides. We applied them to a sensing electrode for the amperometric NOx sensor using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). La0.8Sr0.2MO3 (M = Co, Mn, Fe, Ni) powders were synthesized by means of spray pyrolysis method. Among four kinds of oxides studied, the sensor using La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-SE showed the highest sensitivity to NO2 as well as low base current even in the presence of excess O2 (21 vol%). The sensor also exhibited excellent NO2 selectivity at 500°C. The sensitivity was increased with an increase of NO2 concentration in an examined range between 50 to 800 ppm, and did not change in the examined O2 concentration range (5−21 vol%).

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“…We demonstrated that the microstructure of electrodes has a dramatic effect on both sensitivity and response time of potentiometric NO sensors. We also used the TPD technique to determine the adsorption characteristics of O 2 FeO 3 , and ZnO, where both electrodes were on the same face, showed fast and stable response to NO 2 and CO [9,10]. Gas sensing properties of potentiometric tubular sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides such as WO 3 , SnO 2 , ZnO, CdO, MoO 3 , In 2 O 3 , etc., were also investigated [11,12].…”

Section: Differential Electrode Equilibriamentioning

confidence: 99%

MULTIFUNCTIONAL (NOx/CO/O2) SOLID-STATE SENSORS FOR COAL COMBUSTION CONTROL

Wachsman¹

2005

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Sensing properties of a La 2 CuO 4 -and WO 3 -based potentiometric NO x sensor were investigated both in N 2 and in a simulated exhaust gas. We performed temperature programmed reaction (TPR) and desorption (TPD) experiments to determine the reaction and adsorption characteristics of O 2 , NO x , CO, CO 2 , and their mixtures on the electrodes, and related the results to sensor performance.The relative responses of the La 2 CuO 4 -based sensor under varied concentrations of NO, NO 2 , CO, CO 2 and O 2 were studied. The results showed a very high sensitivity to CO and NO 2 at 450 ºC in 3 % O 2 , whereas the response to O 2 and CO 2 gases was negligible. The NO response at 400 -500 ºC agreed with the NO adsorption behavior. The high NO 2 sensitivity at 450 ºC was probably related to heterogeneous catalytic activity of La 2 CuO 4 .The adsorption of NO was not affected by the change of O 2 concentration and thus the sensor showed selective detection of NO over O 2 . However, the NO sensitivity was strongly influenced by the existence of CO, H 2 O, NO 2 , and CO 2 , as the adsorption behavior of NO was influenced by these gases.The WO 3 -based sensor was able to selectively detect NO in the presence of CO 2 in 3 % O 2 and at 650 ºC. The NO sensitivity, however, was affected by the variation of the NO 2 , CO, and H 2 O concentration. No gas-solid reactions were observed using TPR in the NOcontaining gas mixture, indicating that the NO response was not obtained by the conventionally accepted mixed-potential mechanism. At the same condition the sensor had high sensitivity to ~ 10 ppm NO 2 and selectivity in the presence of CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O, showing it to be applicable to the monitoring of NO 2 . Significantly different sensing properties of NO in simulated exhaust gas suggested the occurrence of gas composition change by the gas-phase and gas-solid reactions, and strong adsorption of water on the electrodes. The NO 2 sensitivity in simulated exhaust gas was modified by O 2 and H 2 O, but not by CO and CO 2 .A positive voltage response was obtained for NO 2 but negative for NO at 650 ºC with the n-type semiconducting WO 3 -based sensor. In contrast the opposite response direction for NO x was observed at 450 ºC with the La 2 CuO 4 (p-type semiconductor).

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Planar electrochemical sensors based on tape-cast YSZ layers and oxide electrodes

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Amperometric-type NOx sensor based on YSZ electrolyte and La-based perovskite-type oxide sensing electrode

MULTIFUNCTIONAL (NOx/CO/O2) SOLID-STATE SENSORS FOR COAL COMBUSTION CONTROL

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