Planck payload module design and performance

Cooling capacity of high porosity open-cell metal foams as passive cryogenic radiators

“…Riti et al [16] have stated enhancement in surface emissivity as a consequence of the structure geometrical effects. Another type of cellular solids that might possibly serve as radiator extended heat transfer surfaces are high porosity open-cell metal foams [33,34].…”

“…These have been instrumental in providing cooling to detectors (80-300 K [22,5]), camera focal planes (220 K [23], 160 K [24]), instrument optics (267 K [25]) and electronics (265 K [12]). However, below 80 K temperature [9,20], passive radiators have to be pooled along with active cryocoolers such as sorption coolers and Joule-Thompson refrigerators, so as to achieve low temperatures [6,9,14,16,[17][18][19]20,[26][27][28][29][30]. Nonetheless, recently Chui et al [15] and Franck et al [21] have been able to develop efficient passive radiators that can provide cryogenic cooling in 30-40 K temperature range.…”

“…Nonetheless, recently Chui et al [15] and Franck et al [21] have been able to develop efficient passive radiators that can provide cryogenic cooling in 30-40 K temperature range. Additionally, multi-staging of radiators can be helpful in gradually attaining lower temperatures [16,22,29].…”

“…Recently, researchers have opted for cellular solids like honeycomb structures as radiator panels [15][16][17]21,32]. Riti et al [16] have stated enhancement in surface emissivity as a consequence of the structure geometrical effects.…”

“…They are known for their simplicity, reliability, zero power input and near-zero performance degradation [6][7][8][9][10]. Consequently, passive radiators have landed as integral heat dissipation devices in many space-vehicles launched till date [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”