The development of emerging decarbonization technologies
requires
advanced tools for decision-making that incorporate the environmental
perspective from the early design. Today, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
is the preferred tool to promote sustainability in the technology
development, identifying environmental challenges and opportunities
and defining the final implementation pathways. So far, most environmental
studies related to decarbonization emerging solutions are still limited
to midpoint metrics, mainly the carbon footprint, with global sustainability
implications being relatively unexplored. In this sense, the Planetary
Boundaries (PBs) have been recently proposed to identify the distance
to the ideal reference state. Hence, PB-LCA methodology can be currently
applied to transform the resource use and emissions to changes in
the values of PB control variables. This study shows a complete picture
of the LCA’s role in developing emerging technologies. For
this purpose, a case study based on the electrochemical conversion
of CO2 to formic acid is used to show the possibilities
of LCA approaches highlighting the potential pitfalls when going beyond
greenhouse gas emission reduction and obtaining the absolute sustainability
level in terms of four PBs.