“…This morphological plasticity often leads to difficulties in identification, particularly in relation to morphologically and ecologically allied species such as Raphidiopsis mediterranea (McGregor and Fabbro, 2000;Moustaka-Gouni et al, 2009;Alster et al, 2010). R. mediterranea is widely distributed and although generally considered more common in the tropics, it has been reported from Europe (Skuja, 1937;Fré my, 1938;Cronberg, 1973;Hindá k, 1992;MoustakaGouni et al, 2009), Africa (Rao, 1957;Mohamed, 2007), Asia (Li et al, 2008;Namikoshi et al, 2003;Nguyen et al, 2007), North and South America (Nicholls and Carney, 1979;Domitrovic et al, 2007;Sant'anna et al, 2007), New Zealand (Etheridge and Pridmore, 1987), and Australia where it is often a dominant constituent of seasonal phytoplankton blooms in tropical eutrophic reservoirs (McGregor and Fabbro, 2000). Cyanotoxin production has been recorded in a number of different species of Raphidiopsis.…”