Planned missing designs to optimize the efficiency of latent growth parameter estimates Rhemtulla, M.; Jia, F.; Wu, W.; Little, T.D.
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AbstractWe examine the performance of planned missing (PM) designs for correlated latent growth curve models. Using simulated data from a model where latent growth curves are fitted to two constructs over five time points, we apply three kinds of planned missingness. The first is item-level planned missingness using a 3-form design at each wave such that 25% of data are missing. The second is wave-missingness such that each participant is missing up to 2 waves of data. The third combines both forms of missingness. We find that 3-form missingness results in high convergence rates, little parameter estimate or standard error bias, and high efficiency relative to the complete data design for almost all parameter types. In contrast, wave missingness and the combined design result in dramatically lowered efficiency for parameters measuring individual variability in rates of change (e.g., latent slope variances and covariances), and bias in both estimates and standard errors for these same parameters. We conclude that wave missingness should not be used except with large effect sizes and very large N.Keywords: Planned Missing Designs, Latent Growth Curves, Three-Form Design, Wave Missingness, Longitudinal Planned Missingness.
GROWTH CURVE PM DESIGNS 3Planned missing data designs allow researchers to reduce the testing burden on participants, leading to higher-quality data with less unplanned missingness and smaller fatigue and practice effects (Harel, Stratton, & Aseltine, 2012). Planned missingness can be applied to many complex models resulting in no added bias and minimal power loss. In the present paper, we apply both 3-form planned missingness, where participants are assigned to miss a subset of items at every time point (Hansen et al., 1988;Graham, Taylor, Olchowski, & Cumsille, 2006;Graham, Hofer, & MacKinnon, 1996;Graham, Hofer, & Piccinin, 1994) and wave missingness, where participants are assigned to miss a subset of measurement occasions (Graham, Taylor, & Cumsille, 2001) to simulated latent growth curve data. We model latent growth curves of two constructs, allowing the interce...