Though the development of wisdom is a primary goal of higher education, it has received little empirical attention in an entrepreneurship education (EE) context. We conduct a preliminary, exploratory investigation into the teaching of wisdom in EE. Applying Sternberg's (1998) balance theory of wisdom, we examine whether entrepreneurship courses deliver on the potential of wisdom development by studying the syllabi of 50 university entrepreneurship courses from around the world. We also examine the contents of the major entrepreneurship textbooks used in EE classrooms today. We find that both textbook use and course design are negatively related to the development of wisdom in the classroom. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Keywords: Wisdom; entrepreneurship education; management education; syllabi; course outlines; textbooks.
A Preliminary Exploration of the Development of Wisdom in Entrepreneurship EducationIberoamerican Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business | v.7 | n.1 | p. 01-34 | Jan/Apr. 2018.
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NTRODUCTIONThe study of wisdom is far-reaching and, over many years, many scholars have undertaken mapping its development, growth, and application. Though its conceptualization is wide in the extant literature (Baden & Higgs, 2015), wisdom has recently been defined broadly as the ability to use judgment to balance one's own good, and the good of others, toward a common goal or outcome (Sternberg, 1990;1998). According to research, wisdom is comprised of such things as knowledge (Baltes & Staudinger, 2000), courage (Solansky, 2014), values (Sternberg, 1998, and being aware of one's own knowledge deficiencies (Ames, 2010), among other things (Govindji, 2014). As such, the development of wisdom is certainly relevant and probably desirable for all who teach and learn at the university level. However, the empirical study of wisdom is limited in most management education contexts (Shotter & Tsoukas, 2014). We would expect that wisdom would be an important asset for entrepreneurs, who must constantly adapt their activities in a dynamic environment.However, our literature review indicates there is scant attention to wisdom in the entrepreneurship education (EE) literature, thus the focus of our study. In the context of this study we define EE much the same way as Fayolle, Gailly, and Lassas-Clerc
3decisions for the good of their organizations (Edelman, Manolova, and Brush, 2008).Though these actions undoubtedly require wisdom, the empirical investigation as to how entrepreneurs develop wisdom has yet to be rigorously undertaken. Providing a preliminary exploration of the study of the development wisdom in EE, and making a call for rigorous research in the area, are the primary purposes of this paper. In other words, we wish to provide a starting point of serious academic investigation and debate regarding the development of wisdom in EE contexts. We do so by providing preliminary evidence from a large-scale, global study of the outcomes of EE...