Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) Cognitive Processes as a Model for Intelligence

Naglieri, Jack A.; Das, J. P.

doi:10.1177/073428299000800308

Cited by 144 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The battery always included the spatial delayed response task and verbal and nonverbal intelligence measures (study 1: vocabulary and block design from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 3rd Edition [12], study 2: verbal-spatial relations and nonverbal matrices from the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment Systems Battery [13], study 3: general information and spatial relations from the WoodcockJohnson III [14]). Results from measures unique to each study have been reported elsewhere (8,9).…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Timing of Severe Hypoglycemia Affects Spatial Memory in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -Repeated severe hypoglycemia has been reported to reduce long-term spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes. Early exposure to hypoglycemia may be more damaging to cognitive function than later exposure. Our goal was to determine whether the age at which severe hypoglycemia occurs modulates the impact of severe hypoglycemia frequency on long-term spatial memory.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We combined data from three independent studies to obtain a sample of children aged 6 -18 years with type 1 diabetes (n ϭ 103) and nondiabetic control subjects (n ϭ 60). Each study evaluated previous severe hypoglycemia and tested short (5 s)-and long (60 s)-delay spatial memory with the spatial delayed response task. Type 1 diabetic participants were categorized as having zero, one to two, or three or more severe hypoglycemic episodes and as having their first severe hypoglycemic episode before or after 5 years of age. Information on chronic hyperglycemia (HbA 1c values) was also collected.RESULTS -We found that repeated severe hypoglycemia (more than three episodes) reduced long-delay spatial delayed response performance, particularly when severe hypoglycemic episodes began before the age of 5 years. Age of type 1 diabetes onset and estimates of chronic hyperglycemia did not influence performance.CONCLUSIONS -High frequency of and early exposure to severe hypoglycemia during development negatively affects spatial long-term memory performance. Diabetes Care 28:2372-2377, 2005S evere hypoglycemia is a significant and relatively common complication of insulin treatment in children with type 1 diabetes (1). The long-term cognitive effects of such episodes have been debated. One hypothesis is that severe hypoglycemia occurring early in development is more harmful to cognitive function than severe hypoglycemia later in development, but few data address this issue directly. If this hypothesis was correct, it could explain the consistent finding that early onset of type 1 diabetes predicts poorer cognitive function (2-5). Since only individuals with early onset of diabetes would be expected to experience early severe hypoglycemia, age of onset can be confounded with the age of first severe hypoglycemia. Although previous studies (6,7) have examined the impact of age of onset and of severe hypoglycemia history on cognitive function in children, none have established whether the age at which severe hypoglycemia occurs is important in determining cognitive outcome. It is possible that severe hypoglycemia frequency and timing are both important contributors to cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes.We combined data from three studies, all of which found that severe hypoglycemia preferentially decreased spatial long-term memory in children with type 1 diabetes (8,9). We used these data to determine how the effects of severe hypoglycemia on spatial memory were modulated by the age at which severe hypoglycemia occurred. Further, we wanted to determine whether exposure to chronic hyperglycemia contributed t...

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Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Timing of Severe Hypoglycemia Affects Spatial Memory in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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“…This neuropsychological test for children was developed within the Planning, Attention and Simultaneous and Successive Processing (PASS) framework, which in turn is based on Luria's 'three principal functional units of the brain whose participation is necessary for any type of mental activity' [6, p. 36]. The PASS model has been described in detail by Cummins and Das [7], Das [8], and Naglieri and Das [6,9] and will not be elaborated on here. The previously mentioned research by Shaw-Ridley et al [4] has assessed over 70 monolingual children presenting with two broadly recognised types of language impairment: SLI and SPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Linguistic Profiles of Specific Language Impairment and Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder in Bilinguals

Jordaan¹,

Shaw-Ridley²,

Serfontein³

et al. 2001

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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This study explored the notion that the extent to which language-impaired children can become bilingual depends on the type of language impairment. Single-case studies were conducted on two 7-year-old bilingual children, who had both been exposed to English and Afrikaans consistently and regularly from an early age. The subjects presented with specific language impairment (SLI) and semantic-pragmatic disorder (SPD), respectively. They were assessed on a battery of cognitive and linguistic tests in both their languages. Results indicate that the SLI subject, who presented with a deficit in successive processing on the Cognitive Assessment System, had difficulty in acquiring the surface features of both languages. She developed much better proficiency in English than in Afrikaans, despite substantial exposure to the latter. The SPD subject, whose cognitive profile was characterised by planning and attention deficits, but a strength in successive processing, presented with equal proficiency in both languages. The theoretical and clinical implications of this research are discussed.

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“…For the purpose of the study we adopted "PASS" neurocognitive theory (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive) [11][12][13] and the norm-referenced Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) [14]. Subtypes of children with DCD could be identified based on their performances on cognitive subscales of CAS, which was adopted to assess the children's cognitive abilities.…”

Section: Goals Of the Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major cognitive domains were used: a) Planning Scale, b) Attention Scale, and c) Simultaneous Coding Scale. The standard scores among the individual Scales have relevance to successes and failures in specific areas of academic performance [12,27]. Reliability and validity of the CAS are good and available in test's manual [27].…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis as a Trial Method Revealing Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) Subtypes

Ασωνίτου¹,

Prodromitis²,

Koutsouki³

2017

J Clin Trial

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Background: There is increasing evidence that children with DCD have been classified into distinguishable 'subtypes' mainly based on perceptual-motor, fine and gross motor skills. Previous research efforts define and describe in detail subgroups of DCD using the methods of cluster analysis. The hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis seems to be an effective statistical method to identify homogeneous subtypes in the developmental disorder literature.

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Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) Cognitive Processes as a Model for Intelligence

Cited by 144 publications

References 71 publications

Frequency and Timing of Severe Hypoglycemia Affects Spatial Memory in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Frequency and Timing of Severe Hypoglycemia Affects Spatial Memory in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Cognitive and Linguistic Profiles of Specific Language Impairment and Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder in Bilinguals

Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis as a Trial Method Revealing Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) Subtypes

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