Planning deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Component processes, cognitive correlates, and implications for everyday functioning

Regional Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in HIV‐Positive Patients with Executive Function Deficits

“…1 Executive functions are mediated primarily by the frontal lobes and basal ganglia, 6 which develop, select, and execute plans involving identification, organization, and integration of the steps required to meet a particular goal. 5 WCST is the most widely used measure and is taken as a standard instrument for executive impairments. 36 We used other specific tests to assess other cognitive dysfunctions in addition to executive functions, to match the groups.…”

“…3 Executive functions involve complex cognitive abilities, including goal formation, planning, carrying out goal-directed plans, and effective performance involving the ability to identify and organize steps and elements required to achieve a goal. 4,5 Previous studies have reported a strong association between HIV infection and executive dysfunction, which is associated with a worsening of activities of daily living. 5 Even among patients with well-treated HIV infection, executive dysfunction remains highly prevalent.…”

“…4,5 Previous studies have reported a strong association between HIV infection and executive dysfunction, which is associated with a worsening of activities of daily living. 5 Even among patients with well-treated HIV infection, executive dysfunction remains highly prevalent. Executive functions deficits may have increased in relation to other cognitive areas such as processing speed, during the era of HAART, and is, currently, detected in approximately 50% of patients with HAND.…”

“…Executive functions deficits may have increased in relation to other cognitive areas such as processing speed, during the era of HAART, and is, currently, detected in approximately 50% of patients with HAND. [5][6][7][8] Several authors have previously evaluated brain volume and cortical thickness of HIV-positive patients and have found diffuse brain atrophy and volume reduction in the basal ganglia. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, the majority of previous studies included patients with HIV-associated dementia, 9,10 or did not consider cognitive domains.…”

Perfil neuropsicológico en un paciente de 50 años con coinfección tuberculosis/VIH

“…Diferentes estudios describen de manera más detallada el patrón disejecutivo de estos pacientes, mencionando que los subcomponentes de las funciones del lóbulo frontal que principalmente se ven afectados son la inhibición de respuesta (Hinkin, Castellon, Hardy y Siegle, 1999), la secuenciación, la fluidez verbal fonética y semántica (Heaton et al, 1995), la flexibilidad cognitiva y la planificación (Cattie, Doyle, Weber, Grant y Woods, 2012); funciones especialmente relacionadas con los circuitos orbitofrontales y dorsolaterales.…”