Planning for health: A community-based spatial analysis of park availability and chronic disease across the lifespan

Besenyi, Gina M.; Kaczynski, Andrew T.; Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm; Bergstrom, Ryan D.; Lightner, Joseph S.; Hipp, J. Aaron

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.005

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is no consensus on the maximum pedestrian distance people are willing to walk to use a green space; distances used in the literature range from 1 mile to 1/4 mile [ 33 , 54 ]. In this study, we used the 800 m (1/2 mile, equivalent to a 10 min walk) threshold as employed in other studies focused on measuring pedestrian access to neighbourhood facilities, namely green spaces [ 24 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility—Evidence from a Southern European City

Hoffimann

Barros

Ribeiro

2017

IJERPH

226

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The provision of green spaces is an important health promotion strategy to encourage physical activity and to improve population health. Green space provision has to be based on the principle of equity. This study investigated the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in geographic accessibility and quality of green spaces across Porto neighbourhoods (Portugal). Methods: Accessibility was evaluated using a Geographic Information System and all the green spaces were audited using the Public Open Space Tool. Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficients and ordinal regression were used to test whether socioeconomic differences in green space quality and accessibility were statistically significant. Results: Although the majority of the neighbourhoods had an accessible green space, mean distance to green space increased with neighbourhood deprivation. Additionally, green spaces in the more deprived neighbourhoods presented significantly more safety concerns, signs of damage, lack of equipment to engage in active leisure activities, and had significantly less amenities such as seating, toilets, cafés, etc. Conclusions: Residents from low socioeconomic positions seem to suffer from a double jeopardy; they lack both individual and community resources. Our results have important planning implications and might contribute to understanding why deprived communities have lower physical activity levels and poorer health.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility—Evidence from a Southern European City

Hoffimann

Barros

Ribeiro

2017

IJERPH

226

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is a long tradition of studying the distribution of urban 99 service delivery in the context of social equity and environmental justice, including 100 playgrounds (Witten et al, 2003), parks Liao, 2011, Crompton andLue, 101 1992), street trees (Landry and Chakraborty, 2009), amenities (Lowe, 1977, Tsou et 102 al., 2005 and public transit connectivity (Welch andMishra, 2013, Jacobsonô et al, 103 2005). Parks and open green space, as a fundamental element of the built environment 104 and as a basic public service provided by the government, is therefore a key target for 105 research (Besenyi et al, 2014, Boone et al, 2009, Floyd and Johnson, 2002, Xiao et 106 al., 2016. The core concern from a environmental justice perspective, is the spatial 107 distribution of public goods and services, and most importantly, whether this 108 distribution is in accordance with the varying needs of different social group's 109 socio-economic status, ethno-racial characteristics, age, gender, (dis)ability, paucity 110 of political power and other axes of difference (Lineberry, 1977, Byrne, Wolch, & 111 Zhang, 2009McConnachie and Shackleton, 2010, Harvey, 1973, Jacobsonô et al, 112 2005.…”

Section: Social Equity and Access To Urban Green Space 96mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the access 270 level shows the results of the amount of park acreage located within 1.5 km and 3.2 271 kmof each census block via the existing street network. 272 park access as an aspect of social equity 275We chose urban parks as our measure of social equity as green parks offer a variety of 276 health and economic benefits(Besenyi et al, 2014, Xiao et al 2016, Wolch et al 2014 277…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of urban park access in Shanghai – Implications for the social equity in urban China

Xiao

Zheng

et al. 2017

Landscape and Urban Planning

312

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The question whether urban green resources are equitably distributed across different 5 social groups is a major concern of social equity and environmental justice for both 6 governments and scholars. This topic is particularly relevant for rapidly developing 7 countries such as China where inequality is growing. This paper examines whether 8 and to what extent the distribution of urban park services is equitable for marginalised 9 population in China. We choose Shanghai as the case study and took into account 10 three dimensions of group delineation, namely demographic characteristics, social 11 economic status and social spatial structure. We employ the spatial clustering method 12 to assess the similarities and differences of the association between the spatial patterns 13 of accessibility to urban parks among different social groups. Interestingly, we found 14 that vulnerable groups are favoured over more affluent citizens. Local municipal 15 endeavours have ensured that the access to Shanghai's parks remains socially 16 equitable. Additionally, we attributed it to the path dependence of China's socialism 17 legacy before the market-oriented reforms. 18

show abstract

“…Epidemiological studies show that access to green spaces has a positive influence on the longevity of urban citizens and self-reported health (Takano et al 2002; Maas et al 2006; Thompson et al 2012; Besenyi et al 2014). However, accessibility of green spaces is often highly stratified based on socio-economic factors such as income, race, ethnicity, age, gender or health conditions (Solecki and Welch 1995; Martin et al 2004; Barbosa et al 2007; Wendel et al 2012; Vaughan et al 2013; Reyes et al 2014; Shareck et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of urban heat load through social inequalities on an example of a fictional city King’s Landing

Žuvela‐Aloise

2016

Int J Biometeorol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The numerical model MUKLIMO_3 is used to simulate the urban climate of an imaginary city as an illustrative example to demonstrate that the residential areas with deprived socio-economic conditions can exhibit an enhanced heat load at night, and thus more disadvantageous environmental conditions, compared with the areas of higher socio-economic status. The urban climate modelling simulations differentiate between orographic, natural landscape, building and social effects, where social differences are introduced by selection of location, building type and amount of vegetation. The model results show that the increase of heat load can be found in the areas inhabited by the poor population as a combined effect of natural and anthropogenic factors. The unfavourable location in the city and the building type, consisting of high density, low housing with high fraction of pavement and small amount of vegetation contribute to the formation of excessive heat load. This abstract example shows that the enhancement of urban heat load can be linked to the concept of a socially stratified city and is independent of the historical development of any specific city.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1230-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Planning for health: A community-based spatial analysis of park availability and chronic disease across the lifespan

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility—Evidence from a Southern European City

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility—Evidence from a Southern European City

An assessment of urban park access in Shanghai – Implications for the social equity in urban China

Enhancement of urban heat load through social inequalities on an example of a fictional city King’s Landing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About