Planning of EM Skins for Improved Quality-of-Service in Urban Areas

Benoni, Arianna; Salucci, Marco; Oliveri, Giacomo; Rocca, Paolo; Li, Baozhu; Massa, Andrea

doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3177284

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…is iteratively processed until either the number of SbD iterations reaches the maximum value I (i = I , with i being the iteration index), or the feasible reference current distribution J opt , computed in Section III-A, is matched (13) [i.e.,…”

Section: B 1rp-ems Configuration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research studies on the foundation, the modeling, the simulation, the design, and the test of EMSs are currently under development with a strong interdisciplinary effort combining chemistry, physics, metamaterial science, electromagnetic (EM) engineering, telecommunications, and signal processing expertises [1], [2], [3], [7], [8]. As a matter of fact, starting from their early conceptualization as thin metasurfaces are able to manipulate the wave propagation beyond Snell's laws [11], EMSs are considered as one of the key enabling factors of the revolutionary smart EM environment (SEME) paradigm in wireless communications [4], [5], [6], [12], [13]. This is motivated by the possibility that they enable to control the EM reflected power in user-defined directions/regions, hence potentially improving the coverage/quality of the resulting wireless network (see Fig.…”

Section: Introduction and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Scale Single-Bit RP-EMS Synthesis for Advanced Propagation Manipulation Through System-by-Design

Oliveri

Rocca

Salucci

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A new method for the synthesis of single-bit reconfigurable passive electromagnetic skins (1RP-EMSs) featuring advanced beam shaping capabilities is proposed. By using singlebit unit cells, the multiscale problem of controlling 1RP-EMSs is formulated as a two-phase process. First, the macroscale synthesis of the discrete surface current that radiates the electromagnetic (EM) field fitting the user-designed requirements is performed by means of an innovative quantized version of the iterative projection method (QIPM). Subsequently, the meta-atom states of the 1RP-EMS are optimized with a customized implementation of the System-by-Design paradigm to yield a 1RP-EMS that supports such a feasible reference current. A representative set of numerical results is reported to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach in designing and controlling single-bit metaatom RP-EMSs that enable complex wave manipulations.

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Section: B 1rp-ems Configuration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Single-Bit RP-EMS Synthesis for Advanced Propagation Manipulation Through System-by-Design

Oliveri

Rocca

Salucci

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…On the one hand, the use of complex topologies or expensive materials must be prevented to reduce cost and footprint [ 10 , 11 ]. On the other hand, to achieve an improved wireless efficiency, minimization of power consumption and a reduction of the overall electromagnetic (EM) field emissions must be ensured [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Fourier-Transform-Based Real-TimeNear-Field Shaping and Focusing in Beyond-5G Networks

Felaco

Kapusuz

Rogier

et al. 2023

Sensors

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For ultra-reliable high-data-rate communication, the beyond fifth generation (B5G) and the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks will heavily rely on beamforming, with mobile users often located in the radiative near-field of large antenna systems. Therefore, a novel approach to shape both the amplitude and phase of the electric near-field of any general antenna array topology is presented. Leveraging on the active element patterns generated by each antenna port, the beam synthesis capabilities of the array are exploited through Fourier analysis and spherical mode expansions. As a proof-of-concept, two different arrays are synthesized from the same active antenna element. These arrays are used to obtain 2D near-field patterns with sharp edges and a 30 dB difference between the fields’ magnitudes inside and outside the target regions. Various validation and application examples demonstrate the full control of the radiation in every direction, yielding optimal performance for the users in the focal zones, while significantly improving the management of the power density outside of them. Moreover, the advocated algorithm is very efficient, allowing for a fast, real-time modification and shaping of the array’s radiative near-field.

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“…Thanks to its attractive properties of low power consumption and hardware cost, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is recognized as one of the most promising techniques in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems [1][2][3][4][5][6]. RIS consists of an array of passive and low-cost reflecting elements whose phase shifts can be tuned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning for RIS-Aided Multiuser MISO System with Hardware Impairments

Ma¹,

Zhuo²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, we study a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiuser MISO system with imperfect hardware, where the transceiver design is based on the statistical channel state information (CSI). Considering the transceiver hardware impairments (HWI), we aim to maximize the minimum average user data rate, where the precoding matrices at the base station (BS) and the reflecting phase shifts at the RIS are jointly optimized. Since the problem is nonconvex and the objective function cannot be derived in closed form, we adopt the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to deal with this challenging optimization problem, where we generate a set of CSI vectors in an offline way, and then these data sets are used to train the neural networks. The simulation results demonstrate the rapid convergence speed of the adopted DDPG algorithm and also emphasize that it is crucial to consider the HWI when optimizing the transceiver.

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Planning of EM Skins for Improved Quality-of-Service in Urban Areas

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Multi-Scale Single-Bit RP-EMS Synthesis for Advanced Propagation Manipulation Through System-by-Design

Multi-Scale Single-Bit RP-EMS Synthesis for Advanced Propagation Manipulation Through System-by-Design

Spherical Fourier-Transform-Based Real-TimeNear-Field Shaping and Focusing in Beyond-5G Networks

Deep Reinforcement Learning for RIS-Aided Multiuser MISO System with Hardware Impairments

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