“…Thus, the ideologically grounded extreme focus on industrialisation which characterized the Stalin era in the USSR and the satellite states' Stalin-inspired regimes of the early post-Second World War period exacerbated the housing shortage; at the same time, these regimes' appreciation of grandeuristic forms of architectural expression had a highly visible impact on the cityscapes of the larger cities (Bater, 1980;French, 1995). Later on, and for the remainder of the socialist period, cheap homogeneous prefabricated housing arranged in self-contained neighbourhood units, mikrorayony , became the rule (French and Hamilton, 1979;Bater, 1980;Pallot and Shaw, 1981;Andrusz, 1984;French, 1995;Bernhardt, 2005;Borén, 2005), while the housing shortage inherited from the previous period was not eradicated due to the continued pattern of investment in industry; that is, the productive activities in Soviet talk, and disinvestment in housing and institutions supplying basic social needs -the non-productive functions (Szyma ~ ska and Matczak, 2002).…”