Planococcus Species – An Imminent Resource to Explore Biosurfactant and Bioactive Metabolites for Industrial Applications

Abstract

The marine environment represents a well-off and diverse group of microbes, which offers an enormous natural bioactive compounds of commercial importance. These natural products have expanded rigorous awareness due to their widespread stability and functionality under harsh environmental conditions. The genus Planococcus is a halophilic bacterium known for the production of diverse secondary metabolites such as 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1, 2)-β-d-fructofuranose exhibiting stabilizing effect and methyl glucosyl-3,4-dehydro-apo-8-lycopenoate displaying antioxidant activity. The genus Planococcus is reported generally for hydrocarbon degradation in comparison with biosurfactant/bioemulsifier secretion. Although Planococcus was proposed in 1894, it seized long stretch (till 1970) to get accommodated under the genus Planococcus authentically. Large-scale biosurfactant production from Planococcus was reported in 2014 with partial characterization. For the first time in 2019, we documented genomic and functional analysis of Planococcus sp. along with the physico-chemical properties of its biosurfactant. In 2020, again we screened biosurfactant for pharmacological applications. The present review discusses the comprehensive genomic insights and physical properties of Planococcusderived biosurfactant. Moreover, we also highlight the prospects and challenges in biosurfactant production from Planococcus sp. Among ∼102 reports on biosurfactant produced by marine bacteria, 43 were of glycolipid and 59 were non-glycolipid type. Under other biosurfactant type, they were identified as lipopeptide (20) like surfactin (5), glycolipoprotein/lipoprotein (12), and other non-glycolipid (22). Planococcus sp. generally produces glycolipid-type biosurfactant (4) and exopolysaccharides (2). The single report documented in the literature is on biosurfactant production (glycolipid +non glycolipid) by diverse marine microbes (39) suggesting their novelty and diversity for biosurfactant secretion.

Isolation and Characterization of a Biosurfactant Producing Strain Planococcus sp. XW-1 from the Cold Marine Environment

“…So, decontamination of petroleum is therefore necessary on the west coast of the north Yellow Sea. There are some bacteria can degrade various hydrocarbons and therefore can contribute significantly to remove hydrocarbon pollutants in marine environments [ 13 , 14 ]. For example, Planococcus ZD22 can fully degraded 2 mM of benzene at 8 °C for five days [ 64 ], and Rhodococcus .sp stain Q15 degraded almost all of the n-alkanes after 28 days of growth at 0 °C in MSM containing 0.1% diesel oil [ 65 ].…”

“…Normally, members of this genus are Gram positive and able to grow at low temperatures and high salt concentrations [ 11 , 12 ]. The genus Planococcus was reported generally for hydrocarbon degradation in comparison with biosurfactant secretion [ 13 ]. Planococcus maitriensis Anita I was isolated, hich was the first time physical properties of biosurfacant from Planococcus appeared in the literature [ 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Large-scale biosurfactant production from Planococcus was reported in 2014 [ 13 , 15 ]. Biosurfactants have functions such as dispersing, solubilizing, emulsifying, foaming, penetrating, wetting, etc., which are characterized by low impact on the environment, low surface tension and interfacial tension, wide temperature adaptation range, and salt resistance [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Global distribution and diversity of prevalent sewage water plasmidomes

“…mph(E) is a macrolide phosphotransferase, conferring resistance to macrolides 66 . The other AMR gene found on more than two plasmids were qnrB19 in Klebsiella and Salmonella (which confers resistance to quinolones) 67 ; erm(T) in the Staphylococcus, Lactiplantibacillus , and Streptococcus ; lnu(A) in Staphylococcus , and Lactiplantibacillus ; tet(39) in Acinetobacter ; and lastly, cat and aph(3’)-III were both found in Escherichia .…”

Specific bacterial microbiome enhances the sexual reproduction and auxospore production of the marine diatom, Odontella

“…Planococcus are Firmicutes bacteria that peak near the end of a diatom bloom [ 18 ], hinting that the bacteria are particle degraders. Species members of this genus are known to release biosurfactants and metabolites that degrade various types of hydrocarbons [ 72 ]. Interestingly, Planococcus was not found in the microbiome assemblage of cultured Odontella , and it did not co-occur with Odontella populations in our 2-year ocean microbiome survey.…”