Plans for the future of proton accelerators at CERN

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider, presently in construction at CERN, will be filled through a set of high performance proton accelerators providing the high brightness beam needed to reach the foreseen luminosity. Although this difficult project has top priority and uses most of the CERN resources, it is nevertheless time investigating improvements of the proton accelerator complex for physical cases beyond the LHC expectations. The needs of multiple physics communities have to be taken into account, as well as the necessity of consolidating the installations while keeping high reliability. This paper starts from the analysis and proposals made by the "High Intensity Proton" (HIP) working group [1, 2] to improve the performances of the PS and the SPS complex and better match the users requests in a staged scenario at short and medium term, and complement it, addressing the main possibilities beyond that horizon. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE OF PROTON ACCELERATORS AT CERNR. Garoby, W. Scandale, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland AbstractThe Large Hadron Collider, presently in construction at CERN, will be filled through a set of high performance proton accelerators providing the high brightness beam needed to reach the foreseen luminosity. Although this difficult project has top priority and uses most of the CERN resources, it is nevertheless time investigating improvements of the proton accelerator complex for physical cases beyond the LHC expectations. The needs of multiple physics communities have to be taken into account, as well as the necessity of consolidating the installations while keeping high reliability. This paper starts from the analysis and proposals made by the "High Intensity Proton" (HIP) working group [1, 2] to improve the performances of the PS and the SPS complex and better match the users requests in a staged scenario at short and medium term, and complement it, addressing the main possibilities beyond that horizon.

Physics Opportunities with the FCC-hh Injectors

“…One is improved beam loss control associated with the production of the FT beam in the PS, for which the improvements in beam brightness from the HL-LHC related upgrades combined with a Multi-Turn Extraction approach [20] is a possible solution. A target of 7×10 13 p per SPS cycle has been discussed as a realistic target in the past [21], which seems reasonable as the HL-LHC beams will be closer to 8×10 13 p per (longer) SPS cycle. The beam losses in the SPS during injection, capture and acceleration also needs to be tightly controlled, but these will be overshadowed by the losses associated with the slow extraction process itself.…”

A Beta Beam complex based on the machine upgrades for the LHC

“…Contrary to naive expectation, a multi-megawatt booster is not necessary for the construction of a Beta Beam or a nuclear physics (EURISOL-like [16]) facility and could be fully exploited only by a low-energy neutrino SuperBeam [17] or by a Neutrino Factory complex. Any of the possibilities currently under discussion at CERN [18,19] for the upgrade of the PSB based either on Rapid Cycling Syncrotrons or on Linacs represents a viable solution for the production stage of a Beta Beam complex. They would allow production of ∼ 2×10 13 6 He/s for 200 kW on target, consistently with the current SPL-based design.…”

“…The alternatives that profit of the upgrade of the LHC injection system are also mentioned (upper part). RCS stands for Rapid Cycling Syncrotron, RSS for Rapid Superconducting Syncrotron [19]. Other abbreviations are defined in the text.…”

A European neutrino program based on the machine upgrades of the LHC

“…An increase of the Beta Beam energy [2] could be envisaged by a fast cycling superconducting SPS ("Super-SPS") at CERN. This machine is currently considered as an option for the luminosity upgrade and, possibly, the energy upgrade of the LHC [3]. In this case, the detector mass could be significantly reduced and the baseline would match the CERN-LNGS distance.…”