The damping rings for the International Linear Collider will be required to accept large beams from the electron and positron sources, and produce highly stable, very low emittance beams for tuning and operation of downstream systems. While many of the parameters for the damping rings are within range of storage rings presently operating, beams meeting the full quality and stability specifications have yet to be demonstrated. We discuss the principal goals of the damping rings research and development program, and the roles that could be played by some proposed future damping rings test facilities.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DAMPING RINGSFor the International Linear Collider (ILC) to achieve its luminosity goal of 2×10 34 cm −2 s −1 , the normalised beam emittances at the interaction point must be 10 μm horizontally and no larger than 40 nm vertically [1]. It is not possible to produce either an electron or a positron beam with the necessary quality and stability direct from a source; therefore, the beams in the ILC are stored in damping rings for the 200 ms between linac pulses, during which time radiation damping reduces the emittances by several orders of magnitude. The damping rings also provide the capability of improving beam stability in a number of respects (for example, reducing bunch-to-bunch jitter), and delay the beam so that downstream systems can be tuned to compensate for effects such as variations in bunch charge.The configuration and parameters of the damping rings are highly constrained by the configuration choices made for other systems within the linear collider. For example, the millisecond pulse length of the ILC linacs means that bunch trains must be compressed in the damping rings by injecting and extracting bunches individually; and with only a few nanoseconds between adjacent bunches in the damping rings (in order to keep the circumference within reasonable limits) the kickers for the injection and extraction pose significant technical challenges.A range of studies [2] over recent years, including considerations of beam dynamics, technical issues and costs, have led to a baseline configuration that specifies a single damping ring for each beam (electron and positron), with ring circumference between 6 and 7 km, and beam energy 5 GeV. While every effort has been made to find a configuration that minimises technical risk, the equally important need to reduce costs means that a number of critical R&D issues remain. These include: the fast injection/extraction * Work supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council through the Cockcroft Institute. † a.wolski@cockcroft.ac.uk kickers; tuning the lattice for ultralow vertical emittance; design and construction of a low-impedance vacuum chamber; fast ion and electron cloud effects. In this paper, we outline the issues associated with each of these items, and indicate the plans leading to the necessary developments or demonstrations in each case. We begin by describing the lattice design studies: given the fundamental role of the lattice in nearl...