Plant and Animal Foods of Bobwhite and Scaled Quail in Southwest Texas

Campbell-Kissock, Linda; Blankenship, Lytle H.; Stewart, James

doi:10.2307/3671048

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We found that scaled quail used areas with higher grass species richness. Other studies have found that scaled quail favor areas with more diverse plant species composition and structure (Campbell-Kissock et al 1985;King 1998). Cattle usually avoid grazing Lehmann lovegrass; therefore, high grazing intensities can increase the relative abundance of this species (McClaran and Anable 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall and Winter Habitat Use by Scaled Quail in Southeastern Arizona

Bristow¹,

Ockenfels²

2006

REM

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Scaled quail (Callipepla squamata pallida Vigors) are closely associated with semidesert grasslands of the southwestern United States, and populations have declined by as much as 50% since 1960. Livestock grazing, shrub encroachment, and exotic grass invasion are considered important factors reducing scaled quail distribution and density in Arizona. We investigated habitat use by scaled quail across their range in southeastern Arizona to determine the habitat conditions important for survival and reproduction. Pointing dogs located quail during autumn and winter of 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, and we measured habitat characteristics at 52 flush sites and 54 nonuse plots, where scaled quail were not found. We recorded information on landform, substrate, vegetation, and cover. Scaled quail used areas with grass canopy cover ! 26%, tree canopy cover 10%, and higher grass species richness than randomly available. Short ( 50 cm tall) visual obstruction (i.e., cover), usually associated with low shrubs, cacti, and bunchgrass, was greater at use sites than at nonuse plots. A logistic-regression equation, including visual obstruction and tree canopy variables, correctly predicted ! 91% of quail use sites. Greater amounts of visual obstruction and lower percentages of tree canopy cover best-predicted scaled quail sites. Land management practices that reduce grass species richness and cover and increase tree cover may reduce scaled quail habitat quality and availability in southeastern Arizona. Based on habitat use patterns of scaled quail, we recommend that semidesert grassland habitats contain a maximum tree canopy of , 6% and . 25% grass canopy cover at the 20-cm height to provide optimum cover availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall and Winter Habitat Use by Scaled Quail in Southeastern Arizona

Bristow¹,

Ockenfels²

2006

REM

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“…The smaller organisms are especially important for the young (Hurst 1972). Additional orders represented include Pulmonata, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Araneida (Hurst 1972, Wilson 1984, Campbell-Kissock 1985, Jackson et al 1987. When vegetation exists as described above for non-woody areas, adequate invertebrates also are assumed present.…”

Section: Animal Foods Eaten By Quail Include a Variety Of Invertebratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have found a clear dominance of plant material, especially seeds, across the range of the bird (Handley 1931, Larimer 1960, Eubanks and Dimmick 1974, McRae et al 1979, Wilson 1984, Campbell-Kissock et al 1985 (Stoddard 1931, Eubanks and Dimmick 1974, Roseberry and Klimstra 1984. Berries were important both to juveniles and to all birds during dry periods (Stoddard 1931).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Volume is more dependent on a chance find (e.g., and hackberry (Cj1ji jc jj.) have been locally or seasonally critical (e.g., McRae et al 1979, Campbell-Kissock et al 1985.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson's list, but 4 and 43 food items, respectively, were not (Wilson 1984, Campbell-Kissock et al 1985. In Colorado, 5 of the 9 food items comprising > 20% occurrence over 1-3 years were included in Landers and…”

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confidence: 99%

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Test and Modification of a Northern Bobwhite Habitat Suitability Index Model

O'Neil¹

1993

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Non‐native grasses reduce scaled quail habitat

et al. 2019

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Non‐native grasses are frequently sown in the southwestern United States for livestock forage and erosion control. These grasses often spread from areas where they are planted and replace native grasses and forbs. We tested the hypothesis that chestnut‐bellied scaled quail (Callipepla squamata castanogastris) avoid locations dominated by non‐native grasses. We trapped scaled quail at 5 different sites in southern Texas, USA, and located quail fitted with necklace‐style transmitters 3 times/week during 2013–2014. We manually delineated plant communities using aerial maps and on‐the‐ground knowledge of the study sites. We examined second‐order (home‐range scale) selection by comparing proportion of the areas of plant communities within 62 scaled quail home ranges (used) paired with random home ranges (available). We examined third‐order (within‐home‐range scale) selection by comparing the composition of bird location (used) and random (available) points based on proportion of points within plant communities. For both home‐range scale and within‐home‐range scale analyses, we used non‐parametric multivariate analysis of variance with 9,999 random permutations. We examined fourth‐order (organism‐centered) selection by measuring vegetation variables at used and available locations and then estimating the relative probability of use of vegetation variables and by estimating continuous selection functions for variables that were influential in determining relative probability of use. Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) and Old World bluestems (Bothriochloa spp., Dichanthium annulatum and other Dichanthium spp.) comprised 99% (95% CI = 98–100%, n = 143 sites where non‐native plants occurred) of the non‐native grasses in our study areas. Scaled quail avoided non‐native and riparian plant communities at the home‐range and within‐home‐range scales of selection. At the organism‐centered scale of selection, odds of use by scaled quail decreased 28% for every 10% increase in non‐native grass cover and increased 12% for every 10% increase in shrub canopy cover. Scaled quail avoided locations with >10% canopy cover of non‐native grasses. Based on avoidance at 3 scales of selection, dominance of buffelgrass and Old World bluestems degrades habitat for scaled quail. Spread and sowing of non‐native grasses and brush clearing may be partly responsible for declines in scaled quail populations. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.

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Plant and Animal Foods of Bobwhite and Scaled Quail in Southwest Texas

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Fall and Winter Habitat Use by Scaled Quail in Southeastern Arizona

Fall and Winter Habitat Use by Scaled Quail in Southeastern Arizona

Test and Modification of a Northern Bobwhite Habitat Suitability Index Model

Non‐native grasses reduce scaled quail habitat

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