Plant and bird diversity in natural forests and in native and exotic plantations in NW Portugal

Proença, Vânia; Pereira, Henrique M.; Guilherme, João L.; Vicente, Luı́s

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2010.01.002

Cited by 117 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Studies in countries where planted Eucalyptus is not native have also yielded mixed results. Some studies have reported lower plant and animal diversity in Eucalyptus plantations relative to mature, native forests and some other forest types or seral stages [64][65][66][67][68][69]. In Brazil, for example, da Rocha et al [70] found fewer species of lizards, anurans, and selected invertebrate taxa in Eucalyptus plantations than in large remnants of primary Atlantic Forest.…”

Section: Biological Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Vance

Loehle

Wigley

et al. 2014

Forests

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Short rotation woody crops (SRWC), fast growing tree species that are harvested on short, repeated intervals, can augment traditional fiber sources. These crops have economic and environmental benefits stemming from their capability of supplying fiber on a reduced land base in close proximity to users and when sensitive sites cannot be accessed. Eucalyptus and Populus appear to be genera with the greatest potential to provide supplemental fiber in the U.S. Optimal productivity can be achieved through practices that overcome site limitations and by choosing the most appropriate sites, species, and clones. Some Eucalyptus species are potentially invasive, yet field studies across multiple continents suggest they are slower to disperse than predicted by risk assessments. Some studies have found lower plant and animal diversity in SRWC systems compared to mature, native forests, but greater than some alterative land uses and strongly influenced by stand management, land use history, and landscape context. Eucalyptus established in place of grasslands, arable lands, and, in some cases, native forests can reduce streamflow and lower water tables due to higher interception and transpiration rates but results vary widely, are scale dependent, and are most evident in drier regions. OPEN ACCESS

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Section: Biological Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Vance

Loehle

Wigley

et al. 2014

Forests

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“…Researchers have made great efforts to assess the effects that replacing native vegetation with pine plantations have on macroscopic life forms (Proenca et al, 2010;Galván and Benayas, 2011), but little attention has been paid to the potential effects on microbial diversity. Plants are known to harbour host-specific microorganisms (Petrini and Fisher, 1990;Ragazzi et al, 2003;Martín-García et al, 2011), and the replacement of native vegetation may cause changes in the microbial diversity, including that of endophytic fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring endophyte populations in pine plantations and native oak forests in Northern Spain

2012

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The replacement of native forest with plantations of other species may have important impacts on ecosystems. Some of these impacts have been widely studied, but very little is known about the effects on fungal communities and specifically endophytic fungi. In this study, endophyte assemblages in pine plantations (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra and P. pinaster) and native oak forests (Quercus pyrenaica) in the north of the province of Palencia (Spain) were analyzed. For this purpose, samples of needles/leaves and twigs were collected from three trees in each of three plots sampled per host species. The samples were later processed in the laboratory to identify all of the endophytic species present. In addition, an exhaustive survey was carried out of the twelve sites to collect data on the environmental, crown condition, dendrometric and soil variables that may affect the distribution of the fungi. The endophyte assemblages isolated from P. sylvestris and P. nigra were closely related to each other, but were different from those isolated from P. pinaster. The endophytes isolated from Q. pyrenaica were less closely related to those from the other hosts, and therefore preservation of oak stands is important to prevent the loss of fungal diversity. Finally, the distribution of the endophyte communities was related to some of the environmental variables considered.Key words: endophytic fungi; environmental variables; soil properties; crown condition; dendrometric variables. Resumen Comunidades de hongos endófitos en plantaciones de pino y robledales del norte de EspañaLa sustitución de los bosques autóctonos por plantaciones de otras especies puede tener importantes consecuencias sobre el ecosistema. Algunos de esos cambios ya han sido ampliamente estudiados, pero hasta el momento hay muy poca información acerca de lo que ocurre con las comunidades fúngicas y en especial con las de los endófitos que ahí viven. En este trabajo se analizaron las agrupaciones de endófitos existentes en las plantaciones de pino (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra y P. pinaster) y bosques nativos de rebollo (Quercus pyrenaica) en el norte de la provincia de Palencia (España). Para ello se recogieron muestras de acículas/hojas y ramillos de cada una de las especies estudiadas que fueron procesadas en laboratorio para determinar qué especies de hongos endófitos portaban. Además se realizó una exhaustiva toma de datos en las doce parcelas estudiadas para analizar las variables ambientales, del estado fitosanitario de la copa, dendrométricas y edáficas implicadas en la distribución de los hongos. Las comunidades de endófitos encontradas en P. sylvestris y P. nigra resultaron ser similares entre sí, y al mismo tiempo diferentes de las de P. pinaster. Los endófitos aparecidos sobre Q. pyrenaica resultaron estar alejados de los del resto de los hospedantes, por lo que la conservación de los robledales es importante para evitar la pérdida de la diversidad fúngica. Finalmente se encontraron algunas variables ambientales relacionadas con la distribució...

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“…More controversial is the impact the plantations would have on soil nutrients and erosion [1]. Gum tree plantations are typically associated with low biodiversity, including bird wildlife [55,56] and have a negative effect on ground arthropods and on the many species of vertebrates that depend on them as prey [57]. Others concluded that gum tree plantations have less diverse flora and fauna than indigenous forests [52].…”

Section: Are Eucalypt Plantations To Blame? Suggestions For Future Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drastic Population Size Change in Two Populations of the Golden-Striped Salamander over a Forty-Year Period—Are Eucalypt Plantations to Blame?

Arntzen

2015

Diversity

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Over the last half century the Iberian peninsula has seen the large scale planting of exotic gum trees (Eucalyptus sp.) therewith reducing space for native wildlife. An additional effect of the gum tree plantations may be the lowering of the water table in adjacent streams, to which amphibian species with a larval niche in the running sections of small streams would be especially susceptible. In northwestern Iberia that niche is occupied by the Golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica. I here report on the demographic trends of two C. lusitanica populations over a forty-year period, in two areas of one mountain range near Porto in northwestern Portugal. In both areas advantage was taken of the migration pattern of C. lusitanica to sites for aestivation and breeding in summer and fall. The area of the Silveirinhos brook was transformed in a plantation of gum trees shortly after the research started, while the area of Poço do Inferno remained virtually unaffected. At Silveirinhos the adult C. lusitanica population declined by one or two orders of magnitude, from ca. 1500 individuals to less than 50 at present. Demographic models that operate under a uniform larval mortality yielded population sizes that are compatible with field observations, including the late onset of the decline at 14 or more years after the planting of the gum trees and the near-extinction at year 32. An alternative reason for the relatively recent population collapse of C. lusitanica may have been disease, but no sick individuals or corpses have become available for clinical investigation. Conversely, the control population at Poço do Inferno increased in size by a factor of five or more. These data support the hypothesis that gum tree plantations have a strong negative effect on C. lusitanica. The population size increase at Poço do Inferno is probably attributable to the installation of wastewater treatment in the adjacent town of Valongo, with a discharge in the Simão river and closely connected to Poço do Inferno. This result suggests that the Simão river OPEN ACCESSDiversity 2015, 7 271 contributes to the Poço do Inferno population and that medium-large streams may constitute prime C. lusitanica habitat. Larval mortalities estimated for stable and declining populations are remarkable close (0.69 and 0.73, respectively), but dissimilar to the larval mortality at ca. 0.51 of an increasing population such as at Poço do Inferno. Suggestions for further research include (i) the continued monitoring of the Silveirinhos population with inspections at 5-10 year intervals, and (ii) checking for the persistence of C. lusitanica populations in and around gum tree plantations where the species was reported decades ago.

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Plant and bird diversity in natural forests and in native and exotic plantations in NW Portugal

Cited by 117 publications

References 40 publications

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Scientific Basis for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus and Populus as Short-Rotation Woody Crops in the U.S.

Monitoring endophyte populations in pine plantations and native oak forests in Northern Spain

Drastic Population Size Change in Two Populations of the Golden-Striped Salamander over a Forty-Year Period—Are Eucalypt Plantations to Blame?

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