Plant and mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles: a new therapeutic approach for the future

Abstract

Background: In recent years, extracellular vesicles have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication through the transfer of active biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) across the plant and animal kingdoms and have considerable roles in several physiological and pathological mechanisms, showing great promise as new therapeutic strategies for a variety of pathologies.Methods: In this study, we carefully reviewed the numerous articles published over the last few decades on the general knowledge of extracellular vesicles, their application in the therapy of various pathologies, and their prospects as an approach for the future.Results: The recent discovery and characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of diverse origins and biogenesis have altered the current paradigm of intercellular communication, opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Research into these EVs released by plant and mammalian cells has revealed their involvement in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as embryonic development, immune response, tissue regeneration, and cancer. They are also being studied as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vectors for drug delivery.Conclusion: Nanovesicles represent powerful tools for intercellular communication and the transfer of bioactive molecules. Their molecular composition and functions can vary according to their origin (plant and mammalian), so their formation, composition, and biological roles open the way to therapeutic applications in a variety of pathologies, which is arousing growing interest in the scientific community.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03608631

Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases

“…The composition of exosomes depends to some extent on source cell type and can also be affected by different cell conditions or treatments. 91 In addition, the exosomes released by a cell line may be highly heterogeneous, which determines the functional properties of the exosomes. 92 This ability of exosomes to deliver their contents to receptor cells produces a bi‐directional effect, which can be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, and is also closely related to certain diseases' development and progression.…”