Plant antimicrobial peptides

Abstract

Plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a component of barrier defense system of plants. They have been isolated from roots, seeds, flowers, stems, and leaves of a wide variety of species and have activities towards phytopathogens, as well as against bacteria pathogenic to humans. Thus, plant AMPs are considered as promising antibiotic compounds with important biotechnological applications. Plant AMPs are grouped into several families and share general features such as positive charge, the presence of disulfide bonds (which stabilize the structure), and the mechanism of action targeting outer membrane structures.

The Plant Peptidome: An Expanding Repertoire of Structural Features and Biological Functions

“…The latter form intramolecular disulfide bonds that are essential for proper class-specific secondary folding and activity (Marshall et al, 2011;Haag et al, 2012;Vriens et al, 2014). The majority of known Cys-rich plant peptides are thought to function as AMPs during plant-microbe interactions, and they have been isolated from roots, leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds (Nawrot et al, 2014). Most AMPs are cationic, allowing them to interact with the negatively charged membranes of pathogens.…”

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

“…The resistance related proteins (RRP) are the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that suppress pathogens, detoxify toxins or virulence factors produced by pathogens and prevent pathogen advancement by enforcing cell walls (Egorov and Odintsova, 2012;ºazniewska et al, 2012). The resistance related metabolites (RRM) may be antimicrobial, such as phytoanticipins and phytoalexins, or may form complex conjugates that are deposited to reinforce cell walls and suppress pathogen progress (Boller and Felix, 2009;Nawrot et al, 2014;Yogendra et al, 2014). Polymorphisms in introns, exons, and promoter regions, especially in the domain sequence, of these hierarchy of R genes determine the functionality of the proteins/enzymes produced, and thus the amount of proteins (RRP) and metabolites (RRM) biosynthesized (Eudes et al, 2014;Krattinger et al, 2009;Pushpa et al, 2014;Yogendra et al, 2015b;Yogendra et al, 2014).…”

“…The PR proteins that are RRP include those with antimicrobial, toxin-degrading, and cell wall enforcing properties (Nawrot et al, 2014). PR proteins, b-1-3-endoglucanases (PR-2) and endochitinases (PR-3, 4, 8, and 11), break down pathogen cell walls (Jach et al, 1995).…”

Root Proteomic Analysis of Grapevine Rootstocks Inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis

“…Rev Bras Cienc Solo 2017;41:e0160134 biological systems, belonging to a group of proteins which include the pathogenesis related protein 13 (PR-13) (Nawrot et al, 2014). Epple et al (1995) detected an increase in thionin concentration in seeds inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp.…”