Plant biochemistry and aphid populations: Studies on the spotted alfalfa aphid, <i>Therioaphis maculata</i>

Dillwith, Jack W.; Berberet, R. C.; Bergman, D. K.; Neese, Paul; Edwards, Rose M.; McNew, R. W.

doi:10.1002/arch.940170407

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3). Others have observed aphids to selectively target healthier plants (Dilwith et al 1991). Moreover, aphids may be attracted to plants growing in low diversity stands or monocultures, as herbivores are more likely to locate and remain on a host species when the host species is in dense monocultures (Root 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aphids can impair the health of a plant by draining plant sap from phloem vessels and potentially transferring disease (Summers and Newton 1989;Dilwith et al 1991). To include possible effects of aphid attachment on Phragmites, aphid infestation was estimated by determining what percentage of the initial four planted Phragmites shoots experienced aphid grazing at any time during the growing season.…”

Section: Response Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Peter

Burdick

2010

Estuaries and Coasts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid proliferation of Phragmites australis in North America has challenged resource managers to curb its expansion and reduce the loss of functional tidal marsh. We investigated whether native plant competition could reduce the ability of Phragmites to invade a tidal marsh, and if plant diversity (species richness, evenness, and composition) altered the competitive outcome. Immature Phragmites shoots and four native halophytes were transplanted to small but dense field plots (~1,200 shoots m −2 ) comprising three community structure types (Phragmites alone, Phragmites+1 native species, and Phragmites+4 native species). Interspecific competition significantly reduced Phragmites aboveground biomass, shoot length production, density, and survival by approximately 60%. Additionally, plots planted with greater native diversity contained Phragmites with the lowest growth and survival, potentially indicating diversity-enhanced resource competition. Competition consistently reduced the growth of Phragmites even under favorable conditions: lack of strong tidal flooding stresses as well as elevated nutrient pools.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Peter

Burdick

2010

Estuaries and Coasts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, alfalfa plants resistant to the spotted alfalfa aphid contained higher activities of CAT than susceptible plants [67], and Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on artificial diets with high CAT protein concentrations experienced decreased performance [68]. In tobacco, Cat1 was the predominant gene in mature leaves [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Enzyme Responses Induced by Whiteflies in Tobacco Plants in Defense against Aphids: Catalase May Play a Dominant Role

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) feeding alters antioxidative enzyme activity in some plant species. Infestation of B. tabaci nymphs decreases Myzus persicae performance on systemic, but not local leaves of tobacco plants. However, it is unclear if B. tabaci nymphs induced antioxidant activities contributing to the aphid resistance.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe investigated the relationship between antioxidants induced by nymphs of B. tabaci feeding on tobacco and aphid resistance. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were assayed in tobacco leaves at different feeding times following infestation of B. tabaci nymphs. The infestation altered the activities of CAT and POD, but had no significant effect on SOD activity. The highest CAT activity was observed at 15 d after infestation. This was 98.2% greater than control systemic leaves, but 32.6% lower than the control in local leaves. Higher POD activity was recorded in local vs. systemic leaves after 15 d of infestation. POD activity was 71.0% and 112.9% higher in local and systemic leaves, respectively, than in the controls. The changes of CAT, but not POD or SOD activity were correlated to levels of aphid resistance. H2O2 levels were higher in local than in systemic leaves in contrast to CAT activity. Tobacco curly shoot virus mediated virus-induced gene silencing was employed to determine if CAT activation was involved in the aphid resistance induced by B. tabaci nymphs. B. tabaci induced CAT activity decreased when the Cat1 expression was silenced. The performance assay indicated that Cat1 silencing made B. tabaci infested plants a more suitable host for aphids than infested control plants. The aphid survival rate was reduced by 40.4% in infested control plants, but reduced by only 26.1% in Cat1-silenced plants compared to uninfested controls. Also, qPCR results showed that silencing of Cat1 led to the suppression of the B. tabaci mediated PR-2a expression.Conclusions/SignificanceAphid resistance in plants infested with B. tabaci nymphs is associated with enhanced antioxidant activities in which CAT may play a dominant role. This resistance probably acted via interactions with SA-mediated defense responses.

show abstract

“…Plant chemical responses to insect herbivory have been considered to be involved in plant resistance (Niemeyer et al, 1989;Niemeyer, 1990;Dillwith, 1991;Agrawal, 1998). Most research in this area has focused on aboveground plant organs, such as leaves and stems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root herbivory in vitro: Interactions between roots and aphids grown in aseptic coculture

Wittkamper

Flores

1999

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An in vitro coculture system has been established to study interactions between roots and aphids. Eight aphid species (Aphis spiraecola P., Trama rara M., Macrosiphum euphorbiae S., Rhopalosiphum padi L., Sitobion avenae E, Rhopalosiphum maidis E, Metopolophium dirhodum W., and Pemphigus populivenae E) were reared on six species of hairy root cultures, Carthamus tinctorius L. cv N10, Tagetes patula L., Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var anguina, Hyoscyamus muticus L., Nicotiana tabacum L., and Beta vulgaris L. subsp, vulgaris. All species of aphids survived on root cultures for at least 2 d. Three cocuhures have been maintained aseptically for periods ranging from 2 too. to over 2 yr. The coculture ofR. padi on C. tinctorius cv N10 (N10-Rp) was used to study morphological and biochemical responses of roots under aphid herbivory.Aphid he,'bivory caused browning of cultures, reduced root vegetative growth, and increased production of polyacetylenes in C. tinctorius cv NIO roots. Our results suggest that this coculture system may improve our understanding of interactions between aphids and plant roots.

show abstract

Plant biochemistry and aphid populations: Studies on the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata

Cited by 33 publications

References 66 publications

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Can Plant Competition and Diversity Reduce the Growth and Survival of Exotic Phragmites australis Invading a Tidal Marsh?

Antioxidant Enzyme Responses Induced by Whiteflies in Tobacco Plants in Defense against Aphids: Catalase May Play a Dominant Role

Root herbivory in vitro: Interactions between roots and aphids grown in aseptic coculture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About