Plant communities of field boundaries in Finnish farmland

Tarmi, Sanna; Tuuri, Hannu; Helenius, Juha

doi:10.23986/afsci.5717

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the present study, all management regimes resulted in similar abundances of these species, a result also reported in previous studies of mainly unmanaged boundaries (Tarmi, Tuuri, & Helenius, 2002). In the present study, and that of Tarmi et al (2002), only E. repens was frequent and abundant in the boundaries, whereas several other generalist, fertile-soil-favouring species were frequent at usually low abundance, on average. Elymus repens, which may also produce thick litter layers if its biomass is not removed, was linked to litter abundance in the ordination analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Plant Communities in Buffer Zones with Variable Management Regimes

Tarmi¹,

Hyvönen²

2012

SAR

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Field boundaries with permanent vegetation cover are a key habitat for farmland biodiversity. Buffer zones are wide field boundaries established to prevent nutrient leaching and erosion into waterways and serve as habitats for farmland wildlife. Our main hypothesis was that several years of grazing or cutting management results in greater plant species richness and heterogeneity in buffer zones in comparison with sites managed for only a few years. We also hypothesized that litter cover and soil phosphorus (P) level would decrease after several years of management, in comparison sites with relatively few years of management. Through this study we aimed to gain a better understanding of how to increase biodiversity in buffer zones. The study included 15 buffer zones within a single landscape. Mean species richness was significantly higher in the group of sites grazed over several years (21 species) in contrast to extensively cut sites (14.8 species) and/or grazed sites (18 species). Species heterogeneity did not respond to different management regimes. Management, slope aspect and litter were significant explanatory factors for species composition. The amount of soil phosphorus measured at three different depths was significantly lower in the buffer zones managed by cutting or grazing for a few years in contrast to those that were grazed for several years. Management that positively affected species diversity did not result in the expected decrease in soil phosphorus. Therefore, we propose that the greater species richness at grazed sites results mainly from disturbances caused by grazing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Plant Communities in Buffer Zones with Variable Management Regimes

Tarmi¹,

Hyvönen²

2012

SAR

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“…Floristic diversity varies with agricultural intensity and landscape structure (Grevilliot and Muller 1996, Godreau et al 1999, de Blois et al 2002, Landsberg et al 2002, with successional stage of abandoned pastures (Bazzaz 1975, Stover and Marks 1998, Gondard et al 2000, and with the structure of hedgerow and field-margin habitats (Jobin et al 1996, Boutin et al 2002, Garbutt and Sparks 2002, Le Coeur et al 2002, Tarmi et al 2002, Thomas et al 2002. These studies provide insights into the kinds of patterns that might occur in tropical systems (Trebino et al 1996, Burel et al 1998, de Blois et al 2002, but few actually examine the entire plant communities of countryside or examine the differences between native and humandominated habitats within them (Marks 1983, Hill et al 2002, Schmidt and Barnwell 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Countryside Biogeography of Neotropical Herbaceous and Shrubby Plants

Mayfield

Daily

2005

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. As human impacts on the environment intensify, the future of plant and animal biodiversity will depend increasingly on the floras surviving in human-dominated ''countryside'' habitats. To begin to characterize these floras for the Neotropics, we investigated the richness and composition of herbaceous and shrubby plant communities in six forested and deforested habitats, in three replicated study areas (7.5-km in diameter), of southern Costa Rica. We chose habitat types that are common throughout the tropics, to begin building a general understanding of both the habitats of origin and the diversity of countryside floras. Focal forest habitats were understory, 1-to 2-year-old tree-fall gaps, and riverbanks, all in primary forest. Focal deforested habitats were ungrazed road verges, grazed pasture, and riverbanks in grazed pasture. Non-riverbank habitats were sampled both near and far from forest edge. In total, we sampled 772 species from 79 families, ϳ40% of the non-tree plant diversity of the region. Only 6% of identified species are known to be exotic. In each study area, understory and pasture plots were consistently species poor, while tree-fall gaps and road verges near forest were consistently the most species-rich habitats. In each study area, we found the same proportion of species restricted to forested habitats (ϳ45%) and deforested habitats (ϳ37%), and the same proportion of ''countrysidehabitat generalists'' (ϳ18%) occurring in both forested and deforested habitats. However, different forested habitats supported different proportions of countryside-habitat generalists in each study area, although understory plots consistently supported the fewest generalists. Among forested habitats, riverbanks were the most similar floristically to deforested habitats. Pasture riverbanks and road verges near forest supported plant communities most similar to those in forested habitats. The uniqueness and richness of each habitat suggests that countrysides with diverse land uses can support many native herbaceous and shrubby plant species. As it becomes increasingly difficult to protect large tracts of undisturbed tropical forest, we suggest that conservation goals expand to encompass maintenance of heterogeneity in countryside landscapes.

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“…The study regions vary in plant species composition due to differences in the intensity of cultivation (e.g., Tarmi et al 2002). The southern and southwestern parts of Finland are situated in the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones (Ahti et al 1968), and they have the most advantageous climatic conditions for agriculture in Finland.…”

Section: Species Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundance, measured as percentage cover, was estimated using a scale of 9 classes (1 \ 0.125%, 2 = 0.125-0.5%, 3 = 0.5-2%, 4 = 2-4%, 5 = 4-8%, 6 = 8-16%, 7 = 16-32%, 8 = 32-64%, 9 [ 64%) (Oksanen 1981;Tarmi et al 2002). For analyses, the classes were transformed into the mean coverage values for each class (1 = 0.0625%, 2 = 0.3125%, 3 = 1.25%, 4 = 3%, 5 = 6%, 6 = 12%, 7 = 24%, 8 = 48%, 9 = 82%).…”

Section: Species Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between alien plant species traits and habitat characteristics in agricultural landscapes in Finland

Jauni

Hyvönen

2011

Biol Invasions

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The survival and success of alien plant species is determined by species traits (i.e., invasiveness) and the characteristics of the habitats in the region of introduction (i.e., invasibility). However, little is known about species traits as related to habitat characteristics. We assessed the characteristics of successful invaders and the interaction of environmental factors and life-history traits for alien plant species. The vascular plants were recorded from 52 agricultural landscapes in Finland. We compared the traits of native and alien plant species with Fisher's exact test and used a three table ordination analysis, RLQ analysis, to relate species traits to environmental conditions. Species were clustered according to their position on the RLQ axes, and the clusters were tested for phylogenetic independence. The successful alien plant species were associated with life form and preferences for moisture and nitrogen, but the trait composition varied according to the habitat type. Two RLQ axes explained 80.5% of the variation, and the species traits were significantly associated with environmental variables. The clustering showed that the occurrence of alien plant species in agricultural habitats was driven by invasion history, traits related to dispersal (dispersal type, seed mass) and habitat preferences, as well as environmental features, such as geographical location, temperature and the quality and disturbance regime of the habitats. All clusters were phylogenetically non-independent. Thus, the clusters of alien species comprised species of diverse taxonomic affinities, although, they shared the traits explaining their occurrence in particular habitats. This information is useful for understanding the link between species traits and the environmental conditions of the habitats, and complexity of the invasion process.

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Plant communities of field boundaries in Finnish farmland

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Plant Communities in Buffer Zones with Variable Management Regimes

Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Plant Communities in Buffer Zones with Variable Management Regimes

Countryside Biogeography of Neotropical Herbaceous and Shrubby Plants

Interactions between alien plant species traits and habitat characteristics in agricultural landscapes in Finland

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