Plant Compositional Changes Resulting from Two Cycles of Directional Selection for Nutritive Value in Alfalfa<sup>1</sup>

Shenk, J. S.; Elliott, F. C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183x001100040017x

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…These results suggest that selection for high forage quality was associated with increased leafiness of WL 252 HQ. Similar responses of increased leaf concentration following breeding for improved quality were reported by Kephart et al (1990) and Shenk and Elliott (1971) The lower leaf concentration of ORCA‐WTS may be related to its selection from European germplasm that is noted for its production of large, lodging‐resistant stems (Lamb et al, 1997) Leaf concentration was negatively correlated with total herbage yield

(r_{a v e r a g e} = - 0.44; P \leq 0.05)

for four of six alfalfa entries; the correlation was not significant for WL 252 HQ and ORCA‐WTS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Sheaffer¹,

Martin

Lamb³

et al. 2000

Agronomy Journal

120

105

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In the North Central region, producers typically initiate harvesting when alfalfa maturity reaches bud to early Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been considered as a biofuel flowering. This often results in three or four harvests feedstock. A system has been proposed to produce electricity from the stems and utilize the leaves as a livestock feed. We determined per season. Harvest maturity is determined by producer the effects of harvest regimes on yield and quality of leaf, stem, and need to optimize herbage yield, nutritive value, or nutritotal herbage of six alfalfa entries. We applied three harvest regimes ent yield. Highest herbage nutritive value and intake involving three harvests per year at bud stage or early flower, or two potential usually occur with preflowering alfalfa with the harvests per year at late flower. An early flower harvest regime had highest yields of nutrients at early flowering (Sheaffer et the highest leaf yield (average of 5.6, 4.5, and 4.5 Mg ha Ϫ1 for the al., 1988). Herbage harvested at full bloom is expected to early flower, late flower, and midbud regimes, respectively), and the have a higher stem proportion than less mature herbage late flower harvest regime had the highest stem yield (average of 5.8, (Fick and Holthausen, 1975; Kilcher and Heinrichs, 5.3, and 3.9 Mg ha Ϫ1 for the late flower, early flower, and midbud 1974). A biofuel production system that adds value to regimes, respectively). Leaf concentration decreased with increased stem components of alfalfa may favor a shift to harvestherbage maturity (average of 540, 517, and 458 g kg Ϫ1 for the midbud, early flower, and late flower regimes, respectively) and was associated ing at more mature stages with fewer harvests per with total herbage crude protein (CP) (r ϭ 0.65, P Ͻ 0.05) and acid-season. detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) (r ϭ Ϫ0.76, Recommended harvest schedules for modern alfalfa P Ͻ 0.05). Harvest regime did not affect total seasonal herbage yield cultivars in a biofuel system are unknown because the or stand persistence. Alfalfa entries differed in herbage quality, leaf relative value of leaf and stem components is expected concentration, and leaf yield, but did not consistently differ in total to vary with energy and livestock feed prices. Compared herbage or stem yield. Herbage yield and quality differences among with the currently used three-or four-cut schedules, a entries were similar for all harvest regimes. Producers can affect stem two-cut schedule with alfalfa harvested at full bloom and leaf yields by selection of harvest regime.

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(r_{a v e r a g e} = - 0.44; P \leq 0.05)

for four of six alfalfa entries; the correlation was not significant for WL 252 HQ and ORCA‐WTS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Sheaffer¹,

Martin

Lamb³

et al. 2000

Agronomy Journal

120

105

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“…Modifying cell walls can be done by recurrent selection, by marker‐assisted QTL introgression, or through transgenic approaches. Selection has been effective at modifying alfalfa for forage nutritive value (Coors et al, 1986; Demment et al, 1986; and Shenk and Elliott, 1971), essentially the same changes that are needed for bioethanol production. Genetic mapping to identify QTL affecting cell wall composition, and thereby conversion efficiency of biomass into ethanol, can be used to identify natural allelic variation that could be incorporated into breeding populations via marker‐assisted selection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Biomass Yield, Cell Wall Components, and Agronomic Traits in a Broad Range of Diploid Alfalfa Accessions

2011

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one of the most important forage legumes throughout the world, has potential as a biofuel crop. Breeding to improve biomass yield and stem composition will enhance the value of alfalfa. In this experiment, we evaluated 374 individual genotypes from 120 accessions of wild diploid alfalfa collected throughout the Northern Hemisphere and representing the three diploid subspecies, M. sativa subsp. falcata, M. sativa subsp. caerulea, and M. sativa subsp. hemicycla. We measured total biomass yield, stem cell wall constituents (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, glucose, xylose, and arabinose), and important agronomic traits in field trials at two Georgia locations in 2007 and 2008. A large amount of phenotypic variation exists in the diploid gene pool for all traits. Yield variation among accessions spanned more than an order of magnitude. High‐yielding accessions tended to have higher levels of cell wall constituents. Clustering of genotypes or accessions on the basis of phenotypic traits differed from the population structure pattern observed previously with molecular markers. The results show that phenotypic variation is very large in diploids, offering a potentially useful pool of alleles for future breeding efforts.

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“…Compared to Beaver, AC Grazeland Br has thicker epidermal and mesophyll cell walls (Goplen et al 1993), longer stems and internodes, and slightly higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (Coulman, unpublished data). Similarly, Shenk and Elliott (1971) found that synthetics of alfalfa selected for low 6 h in vitro dry matter disappearance were higher in neutral detergent fiber concentration than synthetics selected for high in vitro dry matter disappearance.…”

Section: Releasementioning

confidence: 87%

A review of the development of a bloat-reduced alfalfa cultivar

Coulman¹,

Goplen²,

Majak³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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S. 2000. A review of the development of a bloat-reduced alfalfa cultivar. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: [487][488][489][490][491]. The studies that led to the development of a bloat-reduced alfalfa began in 1970. Initial work focused on the causes of bloat, the characteristics of bloat-safe and bloat-causing legumes and the development of screening methodologies. The characteristics that were examined as causal factors of bloat in legume species included soluble proteins, saponins, absence of condensed tannins, and rapid breakdown of cells in the rumen. The factor or combination of factors responsible for causing bloat in animals grazing legumes have not been clearly identified; however, of the above, rapid cell breakdown was considered to be the most promising line of research to pursue in selecting a bloat-safe legume. A 4-h nylon-bag rumen digestion technique was developed, which was used to assess the initial rate of digestion (IRD) of fresh leaf material in large numbers of alfalfa genotypes. Using this technique on a population of four alfalfa cultivars, four cycles of recurrent selection for low initial rate of digestion (LIRD) were carried out over an 11-yr period. The resulting selected population, LIRD-4, had a vegetative stage initial rate of digestion that was approximately 85% of that of unselected alfalfa. To determine whether this reduction in IRD would reduce or eliminate bloat, grazing experiments comparing LIRD-4 and unselected cv. Beaver were conducted at three locations over 3 yr. Over all grazings, LIRD-4 caused significantly fewer incidences of bloat than Beaver; thus it is a bloat-reduced, rather than a bloat-safe cultivar. LIRD-4 was released in 1997 and named AC Grazeland Br. Au début, l'accent était porté sur les causes du météorisme, sur les caractères des légumineuses météorisantes et non météorisantes et sur la mise au point de méthodes de tri génétique. Parmi les facteurs causaux éventuels du météorisme, il y avait les protéines solubles, les saponines, l'absence de tanin condensé et la décomposition rapide des cellules végétales dans le rumen. Le facteur ou la combinaison de facteurs responsables du météorisme chez les animaux pâturant des légumineuses n'a pas encore été clairement identifié. Mais de tous ceux énumérés plus haut, c'est la dégradation rapide des cellules dans le rumen qui apparaît comme l'avenue la plus intéressante dans la recherche d'une légumineuse non météorisante. Une technique de digestion ruminale en sachets de nylon pendant 4 heures a été mise au point pour évaluer le taux initial de digestion (TID) des feuilles fraîches provenant d'un grand nombre de génotypes de luzerne. En appliquant la technique à une population de 4 cultivars de luzerne, 4 cycles de sélection récur-rente sur le caractère faible taux initial de digestion (FTID) étaient réalisés dans une période de 11 ans. La population sélectionnée résultante, LIRD-4, démontrait un taux initial de digestion au stade végétatif correspondant à environ 85 % de celui de la luzerne non sélectionnée. Pour déterminer...

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Plant Compositional Changes Resulting from Two Cycles of Directional Selection for Nutritive Value in Alfalfa¹

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Variation in Biomass Yield, Cell Wall Components, and Agronomic Traits in a Broad Range of Diploid Alfalfa Accessions

A review of the development of a bloat-reduced alfalfa cultivar

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Plant Compositional Changes Resulting from Two Cycles of Directional Selection for Nutritive Value in Alfalfa1

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Leaf and Stem Properties of Alfalfa Entries

Variation in Biomass Yield, Cell Wall Components, and Agronomic Traits in a Broad Range of Diploid Alfalfa Accessions

A review of the development of a bloat-reduced alfalfa cultivar

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Plant Compositional Changes Resulting from Two Cycles of Directional Selection for Nutritive Value in Alfalfa¹