Plant damage and herbivore performance change with latitude for two old‐field plant species, but rarely as predicted

Kim, Tania N.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00946.x

Cited by 23 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Increased insect abundance in deer absence therefore may have even compensated for such a likely prolonged feeding time, leading to higher herbivory in deer absence plots. The amount of leaf area consumed (i.e., herbivory per leaf) therefore seems a more reliable approximation of insect abundance (Kim 2014) than herbivory incidence per leaf, which was not different between deer treatments (Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term deer exclosure alters soil properties, plant traits, understory plant community and insect herbivory, but not the functional relationships among them

et al. 2017

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Evidence of the indirect effects of increasing global deer populations on other trophic levels is increasing. However, it remains unknown if excluding deer alters ecosystem functional relationships. We investigated how sika deer exclosure after 18 years changed soil conditions, the understory plant community, the traits of a dominant understory plant (Sasa palmata), herbivory by three insect-feeding guilds, and the functional relationships between these properties. Deer absence decreased understory plant diversity, but increased soil organic matter and ammonium concentrations. When deer were absent, S. palmata plants grew taller, with more, larger, and tougher leaves with higher polyphenol concentrations. Deer absence led to higher leaf area consumed by all insect guilds, but lower insect herbivory per plant due to increased resource abundance (i.e., a dilution effect). This indicates that deer presence strengthened insect herbivory per plant, while in deer absence plants compensated losses with growth. Because plant defenses increased in the absence of deer, higher insect abundances in deer absence may have outweighed lower consumption rates. A path model revealed that the functional relationships between the measured properties were similar between deer absence versus presence. Taken together, deer altered the abiotic and biotic environment, thereby changing insect herbivory, which might impact upon nutrient cycling and primary productivity. These results provide evidence that deer can alter interactions between trophic levels, but that functional relationships between certain ecosystem components may remain constant. These findings highlight the need to consider how increasing global deer populations can have cascade effects that might alter ecosystem dynamics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3895-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term deer exclosure alters soil properties, plant traits, understory plant community and insect herbivory, but not the functional relationships among them

et al. 2017

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“…Plant defense, a metric of how plants have evolved in response to their history of herbivore pressure, provides important evolutionary context for interpreting latitudinal patterns in contemporary herbivory (Salgado and Pennings , Woods et al. , Kim , Anstett et al. , Lehndal and Ågren , Moreira et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple metrics of latitudinal patterns in insect pollination and herbivory for a tropical‐temperate congener pair

Baskett

Schroeder

Weber

et al. 2020

Ecological Monographs

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The biotic interactions hypothesis posits that biotic interactions are more important drivers of adaptation closer to the equator, evidenced by "stronger" contemporary interactions (e.g., greater interaction rates) and/or patterns of trait evolution consistent with a history of stronger interactions. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, but few studies span tropical and temperate regions while experimentally controlling for evolutionary history. Here, we integrate field observations and common garden experiments to quantify the relative importance of pollination and herbivory in a pair of tropical-temperate congeneric perennial herbs. Phytolacca rivinoides and P. americana are pioneer species native to the Neotropics and the eastern United States, respectively. We compared plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore interactions between three tropical populations of P. rivinoides from Costa Rica and three temperate populations of P. americana from its northern range edge in Michigan and Ohio. For some metrics of interaction importance, we also included three subtropical populations of P. americana from its southern range edge in Florida. This approach confounds species and region but allows us, uniquely, to measure complementary proxies of interaction importance across a tropicaltemperate range in one system. To test the prediction that lower-latitude plants are more reliant on insect pollinators, we quantified floral display and reward, insect visitation rates, and self-pollination ability (autogamy). To test the prediction that lower-latitude plants experience more herbivore pressure, we quantified herbivory rates, herbivore abundance, and leaf palatability. We found evidence supporting the biotic interactions hypothesis for most comparisons between P. rivinoides and north-temperate P. americana (floral display, insect visitation, autogamy, herbivory, herbivore abundance, and young-leaf palatability). Results for subtropical P. americana populations, however, were typically not intermediate between P. rivinoides and north-temperate P. americana, as would be predicted by a linear latitudinal gradient in interaction importance. Subtropical young-leaf palatability was intermediate, but subtropical mature leaves were the least palatable, and pollination-related traits did not differ between temperate and subtropical regions. These nonlinear patterns of interaction importance suggest future work to link interaction importance to climatic or biotic thresholds. In sum, we found that the biotic interactions hypothesis was more consistently supported at the larger spatial scale of our study.

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“…The interspecific and inter‐site differences contributed to a large proportion of the variations in herbivory in our study, and this may be an important factor in the controversy and mixed results of previous studies conducted in the Northern Hemisphere (Adams & Zhang ; Adams et al . ; Anstett, Naujokaitis‐Lewis & Johnson ; Kim ; Moreira et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Adams & Zhang ; Adams et al . ), mixed (Anstett, Naujokaitis‐Lewis & Johnson ; Kim ; Moreira et al . ) or no relationship between latitude and herbivory (Andrew & Hughes ; Sinclair & Hughes ; Feller et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal variation in herbivory: hemispheric asymmetries and the role of climatic drivers

Zhang

2016

Journal of Ecology

138

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Summary1. In the past, it was widely accepted that herbivory decreased with latitude. However, several empirical studies have failed to support this hypothesis, leading to strong debate. In addition to providing a quantitative assessment of the latitudinal gradient in herbivory, our study aims to provide new information about the role of climatic factors in shaping the latitudinal gradient in herbivory. 2. Through the collection and analysis of published data on herbivory, we tested the latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LH hypothesis) and the relationship of temperature and precipitation to herbivory. 3. Based on 1890 data points distributed world-wide from more than 1000 plant species, our results show that herbivory decreased with latitude and increased with temperature only in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, in the Southern Hemisphere, herbivory did not have a relationship with latitude and tended to decrease with temperature. 4. Synthesis. This study shows the LH hypothesis is supported only in the Northern Hemisphere and highlights the importance of temperature in explaining the pattern of herbivory at the global scale. These possible hemispheric asymmetries in herbivory should not be overlooked in future studies.

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Plant damage and herbivore performance change with latitude for two old‐field plant species, but rarely as predicted

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Long-term deer exclosure alters soil properties, plant traits, understory plant community and insect herbivory, but not the functional relationships among them

Long-term deer exclosure alters soil properties, plant traits, understory plant community and insect herbivory, but not the functional relationships among them

Multiple metrics of latitudinal patterns in insect pollination and herbivory for a tropical‐temperate congener pair

Latitudinal variation in herbivory: hemispheric asymmetries and the role of climatic drivers

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