Plant Defence Compounds Against Botrytis Infection

Baarlen, Peter van; Legendre, Laurent; Kan, Jan A.L. van

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3_9

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Figure 2d shows the PESI spectrum of the basal plate part. Potassiated tuliposide A, the precursor compound of antifungal tulipalin A [22], was detected at m/z 317 as the main peak, and some carbohydrates were also detected with low intensity. Because the basal plate was the place of water and sugar transportation, the high concentration of tuliposide A indicated that tuliposide A might be biosynthesized in some specific region and transferred to other parts of the bulb through the basal plate.…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Different Parts Of a Tulip Bulb By Pesi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chen

Suzuki

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a recently developed ESI-based ionization technique which generates electrospray from the tip of a solid needle. In this study, we have applied PESI interfaced with a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) for direct profiling of phytochemicals in a section of a tulip bulb in different regions, including basal plate, outer and inner rims of scale, flower bud and foliage leaves. Different parts of tulip petals and leaves have also been investigated. Carbohydrates, amino acids and other phytochemicals were detected. A series of in vivo PESI-MS experiments were carried out on the second outermost scales of four living tulip bulbs to monitoring the change of carbohydrate content during the first week of initial growth. The breakdown of carbohydrates was observed which was in accordance with previous reports achieved by other techniques. This study has indicated that PESI-MS can be used for rapid and direct analysis of phytochemicals in living biological systems with advantages of low sample consumption and little sample preparation. Therefore, PESI-MS can be a new choice for direct analysis/profiling of bioactive compounds or monitoring metabolic changes in living biological systems. (J Am Soc Mass

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Section: Direct Analysis Of Different Parts Of a Tulip Bulb By Pesi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chen

Suzuki

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…However, the central area within the developing lesion was no longer fluorescing at 440 nm when observed at 3, 4 or 6 DAI. This could be due to the fact that B. cinerea produces various extracellular enzymes to colonize berries, particularly laccases that can have digested plant phenolics, particularly the stilbenic compounds, originally present in the inner part of the expanding lesion (Sbaghi et al, 1996;Van Baarlen et al, 2004). The boundary of the colonized lesion showed a higher F 440 intensity resulting presumably from the induction of defence mechanisms activated by the berry following B. cinerea infection and colonization.…”

Section: Fluorescence Data Based On Spatial Average Over the Berry Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interactions have been investigated thoroughly with respect to host resistance to the fungus and involve both constitutive factors and induced ones following stress or infection (Van Baarlen et al, 2004). In grapevine, the penetration of B.cinerea into the cuticle induces some defence reactions which include the synthesis by the plant of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (Pezet et al 2004;Miklota et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In grape berries, resveratrol is also produced, but partly constitutively, and accumulate in the skin only. However, resveratrol levels decrease during fruit ripening (Van Baarlen et al, 2004). It is generally assumed that B. cinerea must detoxify the stilbenic compounds, particularly resveratrol and the highly fungitoxic pterostilbene, in order to colonize grapevine (Pezet et al, 2004;Schouten et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(e.g. hail, insects …) (Blaich and Bachmann, 1980;Bavaresco et al, 1997;Pezet et al 2004;van Baarlen et al 2004). This can be misleading in natural conditions, particularly in vineyards where insect injuries are associated with B. cinerea development on berries (Fermaud and Le Menn, 1992;Holz et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autofluorescence of grape berries following Botrytis cinerea infection

Bélanger¹,

Roger²,

Cartolaro

et al. 2011

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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ξ current address : Financière agricole du Québec -Développement international, 1400, boulevard de la Rive-Sud, Saint-Romuald, Québec, G6W 8K7, Canada Gray mold is caused by Botrytis cinerea (anamorph of an ascomycete fungus) infecting over 200 plant species worldwide and causing tremendous harvest losses in vineyards. Even though all grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinfera L.) are susceptible to the disease, defense mechanisms are induced to counteract or slow down infection and colonization by the pathogen. One of the key inducible defense molecule is resveratrol, a blue fluorescent stilbenic compound. Considering early fungal detection as a crucial step in disease control strategies, we evaluated the potential of plant fluorescence to achieve early detection of B.cinerea in grapevine berries. By comparing control and artificially inoculated berries, images of fluorescence were taken in the laboratory at six combinations of emission/excitation wavelengths (F440/ UV , F520/ UV , F690/ UV, F740/ UV , and F690/436-blue F740/436-blue). Data treatments include proper image correction, interest area selection, fluorescence ratios computation and edge detection. In the early stages, before 3 DAI (days post inoculation), the discrimination (of -between ?) wounded and symptomatic berries could not easily be achieved using blue fluorescence solely (440 nm). However, using blue out of red Author-produced version of the article published in International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011, 32 (14), 3835-3849. The original publicatioin is available at http://www.tandfonline.com doi:10.1080/01431161003782064Page 2 fluorescence ratio (F 440 /F 740 ), it was possible to detect infected berries starting as early as 4DAI. Using image analysis and edge detection over UV-epidermal transmittance measured at 690 nm, it was possible to detect botrytised berries as early as 6 hours after inoculation. The potential of these detection methods for use in the epidemiological field are discussed.Key words: Bunch rot, detection, epidemiology, fluorescence, remote sensing, phytoalexins, precision viticulture, Vitis vinifera. IntroductionGray mold of grapevines is caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr., the anamorph of an ascomycete fungus (Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetzel). This cosmopolitan fungus is a necrotrophic pathogen attacking over 200 plant species (Jarvis, 1980). In grapevine, it can infect leaves, in spring, where it grows in a concentric way at the margin of the blade and inflorescences which are highly susceptible, particularly dehiscent floral parts (Pezet et al. 2004). Various infection pathways have been described to establish epidemiological relationships between these first attacks, occurring early in the season, and the typical infections of maturing berries (Elmer and Michailides, 2004). Gray mold development on grape berries depends on the genetic structure of the pathogen population (Martinez et al., 2005), but is also driven by some key factors, including climatic conditions, cluster architecture and berry susceptibility (Pezet...

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