Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens

Ghozlan, Mahmoud H.; El-Argawy, Eman; Tokgöz, Serkan; Lakshman, Dilip K.; Mitra, Amitava

doi:10.4236/ajps.2020.1112149

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Activation of PTI leads to the activation of specific hormone‐regulated signalling pathways (Verhage et al, 2010). Changes in defence‐related gene expression caused by the loss of MORE1 are consistent with the well‐established role of the SA and JA signalling pathways in regulating defence against hemibiotrophic/biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, respectively (Aerts et al, 2020; Berens et al, 2017; Ghozlan et al, 2020; Glazebrook, 2005). In more1 (Figure 3a) and osmore1a (Figure 7c and Table ), transcript levels of the genes controlled by SA were induced, while those under the control of JA were suppressed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens

Kim

Park

Choi

et al. 2021

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Because pathogens use diverse infection strategies, plants cannot use one‐size‐fits‐all defence and modulate defence responses based on the nature of pathogens and pathogenicity mechanism. Here, we report that a rice glycoside hydrolase (GH) plays contrasting roles in defence depending on whether a pathogen is hemibiotrophic or necrotrophic. The Arabidopsis thaliana MORE1 (Magnaporthe oryzae resistance 1) gene, encoding a member of the GH10 family, is needed for resistance against M. oryzae and Alternaria brassicicola, a fungal pathogen infecting A. thaliana as a necrotroph. Among 13 rice genes homologous to MORE1, 11 genes were induced during the biotrophic or necrotrophic stage of infection by M. oryzae. CRISPR/Cas9‐assisted disruption of one of them (OsMORE1a) enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, a necrotrophic fungus, suggesting that OsMORE1a acts as a double‐edged sword depending on the mode of infection (hemibiotrophic vs. necrotrophic). We characterized molecular and cellular changes caused by the loss of MORE1 and OsMORE1a to understand how these genes participate in modulating defence responses. Although the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown, both genes appear to affect the expression of many defence‐related genes. Expression patterns of the GH10 family genes in A. thaliana and rice suggest that other members also participate in pathogen defence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens

Kim

Park

Choi

et al. 2021

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Thus, ABA could have an intermediary role in organ abscission (Aurelio et al, 2000;Agustí et al, 2007). On the other hand, ABA ABA biosynthesis is required for efficient disease resistance against necrotrophic fungal pathogens (Ton and Mauch-Mani, 2004;García-Andrade et al, 2011); in particular its role in plant defense responses to necrotrophs can be positive or negative as well as dependent of the specific plant-pathogen interactions (Ghozlan et al, 2020). In this sense, ABA seems to play positive roles during the early events of infection by affecting stomatal closure and deposition of callose and the negative roles usually at later stages that include suppressing ROS accumulation and SA induction (Asselbergh et al, 2008;Ton et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of shedding of leaves in yerba mate and determination of associated hormonal levels

Molina¹,

Andrade²,

Bruera³

et al. 2022

SEAS

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In recent years, leaf shedding in the yerba mate crop has been a phenomenon of important economic incidence, the cause of which is still unknown but has been attributed to various factors. The objective of the present study was to establish a methodology to quantify leaves shedding in yerba mate and to determine whether the high leaf shedding is due to a biotic or abiotic effect. In both plantations, high shedding of leaves was significant only when the lowest values of heliophany and the highest values of relative humidity were recorded. Coincidentally, a high percentage of green leaf detachment was recorded with the characteristic symptomatology of the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. An accumulation of ABA, JA and SA hormones was detected in yerba mate plants with high shedding of leaves, which was associated with the attack of the necrotrophic fungus Cylindrocladium sp. With predisposing climatic conditions for the manifestation of Cylindrocladium, an early harvest would reduce the loss of green leaves. The differences found among plants Cylindrocladium attack could be due to a genetic condition. The JA pathway may be the most important line of defense activated by Cylindrocladium infection. A high accumulation of JA and ABA has been detected in plants with high leaf shedding that could suppress the SA signaling pathway responsible for SAR establishment.

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“…This action requires a signalization of the pathway of phytohormones, phytoalexins, and defense enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, PR-proteins, and phenolic compounds ( Figure 3 ) [ 74 , 133 ]. Plant defense signaling molecules include salicylic acid involved in defense against biotrophic pathogens and systemic acquired resistance, as well as jasmonic acid and ethylene, both of which are generally considered necessary for defense against necrotrophic pathogens and are beneficial in plant–microbe interactions [ 134 , 135 ]. Inoculation of the plants with specific PGPRs elicits a phenomenon referred to as induced systemic resistance (ISR; Van Loon et al [ 136 ]).…”

Section: Bcas Modes Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective

et al. 2022

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The increase in the world population has generated an important need for both quality and quantity agricultural products, which has led to a significant surge in the use of chemical pesticides to fight crop diseases. Consumers, however, have become very concerned in recent years over the side effects of chemical fungicides on human health and the environment. As a result, research into alternative solutions to protect crops has been imposed and attracted wide attention from researchers worldwide. Among these alternatives, biological controls through beneficial microorganisms have gained considerable importance, whilst several biological control agents (BCAs) have been screened, among them Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and certain yeasts. At present, biopesticide products have been developed and marketed either to fight leaf diseases, root diseases, or fruit storage diseases. However, no positive correlation has been observed between the number of screened BCAs and available marketed products. Therefore, this review emphasizes the development of biofungicides products from screening to marketing and the problems that hinder their development. Finally, particular attention was given to the gaps observed in this sector and factors that hamper its development, particularly in terms of efficacy and legislation procedures.

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Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens

Cited by 48 publications

References 65 publications

A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens

A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens

Quantification of shedding of leaves in yerba mate and determination of associated hormonal levels

Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective

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