Plant Diversity and Ethnoveterinary Practices of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The systematic review was conducted on Ethnoveterinary Medicinal (EVM) plants from the two (integrated and pastoral) majorly known livestock production systems (LPS) of Ethiopia. A total of 48 documents pertinent to EVM significance were assessed from different sources using Google search engine and local university websites. Search outputs were screened using the developed inclusion criteria, and only 26 documents were selected. Descriptive analysis measures, Document Consensus Factor (DCF), and rank of the collected data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel. The result showed that females (33%), being below 40 years of age (27%), and educational level of above college (1%) healers participation was not significance. A total of 645 EVM plant species (from 133 families) were identified. Only 22 (16.54%) plant families were represented by one species. Leaf (47.8%) was the major plant part used to prepare remedies. The major administration route was oral route (58.2%). Blackleg 43 (0.188), diarrhea 25 (0.110), and wound 18 (0.079) were the most commonly treated livestock ailments. Solanaceae and Fabaceae were the frequently utilized EVM plant families in integrated and pastoral LPS, respectively. Croton macrostachyus (Bisana) and Solanum incanum (Embuay) were the most widely applied EVM plant species in integrated and pastoral LPS, respectively. Pastoral LPS were using higher number of specific EVM plants (DCF>0.5) compared to integrated LPS. Less than 40% (n< 10) of the collected documents were dealing with measurability and risk of toxicity, giving emphasis to indigenous plant and constraints of EVM plants use.

Ethno-pharmacological use of Ethiopian indigenous forest honey: the case of Sheka forest&nbsp;

“…Majority of the honey types which were used for treating ailments in this study have been majorly administered through oral route. This result is in line with many plant and animal based ethno pharmacological medicines [28,31,33,34,58]; ethno zoological products used to treat ailments [58,59]. This might be due to the cautious oral administration of honey would render the digestive system aseptic and disease-causing germs would fail to thrive.…”

“…For ethno-pharmacological experimental or clinical investigations, a relevant starting point is to understand who uses traditional medicine [28].To gain new honey ethno pharmacological knowledge, innate and long years of acquired beekeepers and healer's knowledge and skill towards the source and it accuracy of healing is very crucial [28]. Furthermore, quantitatively analysis of ethno-pharmacological use of natural products can provide huge significance in the process of subjective interpretation, experimental trial and drug development [29].Several ethno pharmacological studies and reviews [28,[31][32][33][34], has been done in Ethiopia. However, the majorities were purely ethno botanical studies, and studies related to honey medicine based of their plant origion has been very short and overlooked.…”

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants, its utilization, and conservation by indigenous people of Gera district, Ethiopia

“…Out of the 15 plant species used for treating livestock ailments in the area, 14.3% of species were shrubs. A study conducted by Mesfin et al (2009) and Tilahun et al (2019) indicated that the shrubs were identified as a major plant habit harvested for livestock disease treatment with 40% and mean of 32.05, respectively. However, the findings of Teklehaymanot and Giday (2007) showed that herbs (52%) were the most frequently used plant habit.…”

De acordo com o governador, a decisão vale para todos que estejam em condições físicas adequadas, mesmo os que ainda não tomaram a vacina contra a Covid-19

“…The popularity of phytomedicines intended for use in bovines and sheep-goats is proportional to the weight that these species have in the production of meat, milk, cheese, and leather. The husbandry of these three polygastric animals is essential both for household survival and for increasing economic capital and social prestige in pastoralist and peasant societies (McGaw et al, 2020;Tilahun et al, 2019). Despite the overwhelming dominance of the productive species, it is important to point out the presence of pets in the medical and food sectors, with dominance in phytogenic additives.…”