Plant extracellular vesicles: Trojan horses of cross‐kingdom warfare

He, Baoye; Hamby, Rachael; Jin, Hailing

doi:10.1096/fba.2021-00040

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Not all fungi are able to take up RNA molecules from their environment; Colletrotrichum gloesporiodes, Trichoderma virens and Phytophtora infestans being some notable examples that fail to do so (Qiao et al ., 2021). Of note, fungi that are indeed able to receive RNAi molecules from their environment are not only promising candidates for RNAi-based fungicidal control (Šečić and Kogel, 2021) but also likely partners in an RNAi-based cross-kingdom communication with their host (He et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene induced by a beneficial fungal root endophyte

Dalakouras

Katsaouni

Avramidou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A growing body of evidence suggests that RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in the communication between plants and pathogenic fungi, where a bi-directional cross-kingdom RNAi is established to the advantage of either the host or the pathogen. Similar mechanisms acting during plant association with non-pathogenic symbiotic microorganisms have been elusive to this date. Here, we report on an RNAi-based mechanism of communication between a beneficial fungal endophyte, Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) and its host plants. This soil-borne endophyte that confers resistance and/or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress in tomato and, as shown in this study, promotes plant growth in Nicotiana benthamiana, is restricted to the root system in both host plants. We first showed that the fungus has a functional core RNAi machinery; double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are processed into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of predominantly 21-nt in size, which lead to the degradation of homologous mRNAs. Importantly, by using an RNAi sensor system, we demonstrated that root colonization of N. benthamiana by FsK led to the induction of systemic silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene.. These data reflect a more general but so far unrecognized mechanism wherein root endophytes systemically translocate RNAi signals to the aboveground tissues of their hosts to modulate gene expression during symbiosis, which may be translated to the beneficial phenotypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene induced by a beneficial fungal root endophyte

Dalakouras

Katsaouni

Avramidou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In addition, the secretion of EVs is not limited to mammals, and has already been found in plants and microorganisms [128][129][130]. It is thought that there is a mechanism by which molecules with immunomodulatory ability are secreted from microorganisms that have beneficial effects to the outside of the cell and delivered to the target cell of the living body [131].…”

Section: Modification Of Evs As Dds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Membranes

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Since it has been reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo using cell-to-cell comminication according to various in vivo situations, they are exprected to be applied as new drug-delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have attracted much attention as potential biomarkers in the encapsulated extracellular-vesicle (EV) form. EVs are bilayer-based lipids with heterogeneous populations of varying sizes and compositions. The EV-mediated transport of contents, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, has attracted attention as a DDS through intracellular communication. Many reports have been made on the development of methods for introducing molecules into EVs and efficient methods for introducing them into target vesicles. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs in exosomes participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways via cell–cell communication as novel DDSs, especially small EVs.

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“…In addition, over fourfold in tet8 total leaf extracts decreases the amount of an EVs-enriched lipid, glycosyl inositol phosphoramides (GIPCs) [ 47 ]. Therefore, Tet8 may facilitate the EVs production in relation with GIPCs that result in defense against infections [ 48 ]. Tet8 is structurally alike CD63, an exosomal marker in animal cells.…”

Section: Types Of P-evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges

et al. 2022

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Background Many eukaryote cells produce membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) to establish cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived EVs (P-EVs) contain proteins, RNAs, lipids, and other metabolites that can be isolated from the juice, the flesh, and roots of many species. Methods In the present review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on the role of P-EVs in plant physiology as well as on the application of these vesicles in different diseases. Results Different types of EVs have been identified in plants that have multiple functions including reorganization of cell structure, development, facilitating crosstalk between plants and fungi, plant immunity, defense against pathogens. Purified from several edible species, these EVs are more biocompatible, biodegradable, and extremely available from many plants, making them useful for cell-free therapy. Emerging evidence of clinical and preclinical studies suggest that P-EVs have numerous benefits over conventional synthetic carriers, opening novel frontiers for the novel drug-delivery system. Exciting new opportunities, including designing drug-loaded P-EVs to improve the drug-delivery systems, are already being examined, however clinical translation of P-EVs-based therapies faces challenges. Conclusion P-EVs hold great promise for clinical application in the treatment of different diseases. In addition, despite enthusiastic results, further scrutiny should focus on unravelling the detailed mechanism behind P-EVs biogenesis and trafficking as well as their therapeutic applications.

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Plant extracellular vesicles: Trojan horses of cross‐kingdom warfare

Cited by 43 publications

References 64 publications

Systemic silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene induced by a beneficial fungal root endophyte

Systemic silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene induced by a beneficial fungal root endophyte

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges

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