Plant Extract: A Promising Biomatrix for Ecofriendly, Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

Uses of plants extracts are found to be more advantageous over chemical, physical and microbial (bacterial, fungal, algal) methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. In phytonanosynthesis, biochemical diversity of plant extract, non-pathogenicity, low cost and flexibility in reaction parameters are accounted for high rate of AgNPs production with different shape, size and applications. At the same time, care has to be taken to select suitable phytofactory for AgNPs synthesis based on certain parameters such as easy availability, large-scale nanosynthesis potential and non-toxic nature of plant extract. This review focuses on synthesis of AgNPs with particular emphasis on biological synthesis using plant extracts. Some points have been given on selection of plant extract for AgNPs synthesis and case studies on AgNPs synthesis using different plant extracts. Reaction parameters contributing to higher yield of nanoparticles are presented here. Synthesis mechanisms and overview of present and future applications of plant-extract-synthesized AgNPs are also discussed here. Limitations associated with use of AgNPs are summarised in the present review.

Comparative study of MnO2 nanoparticle synthesis by marine bacterium Saccharophagus degradans and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Physical and chemical processes are common choices for the synthesis of nanoparticles. However, these methods involve the use of toxic chemicals in their synthesis protocols, which may create some hazardous effects for human life and the environment (Bar et al 2009;Borase et al 2014). The syntheses of nanoparticles using biological methods have captured considerable interest in modern nanoscience and technology due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, and eco-friendly nature (Borase et al 2014).…”

“…However, these methods involve the use of toxic chemicals in their synthesis protocols, which may create some hazardous effects for human life and the environment (Bar et al 2009;Borase et al 2014). The syntheses of nanoparticles using biological methods have captured considerable interest in modern nanoscience and technology due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, and eco-friendly nature (Borase et al 2014). Plants, algae, lichen, bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, and filamentous fungi have been used for the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles (Ahmad et al 2003;Saif et al 2008;Mourato et al 2011;Rai et al 2011;Salunkhe et al 2011;Castro et al 2013;Mie et al 2014;Salunke et al 2014a, b).…”

Improved Yield of Green Synthesized Crystalline Silver Nanoparticles With Potential Antioxidant Activity

“…The prepared SNPs have a high surface area which leads to the adsorption of these potentially toxic chemicals. This might be one of the major reasons for reported toxicity of SNPs [6][7][8] . The contamination from these toxic chemicals can be avoided by synthesizing SNPs using biological methods like microbes and plants.…”

A Facile Green Synthesis at Room Temperature of Silver Nanoparticle Sensor with Leaf Extract of Tiliacora triandra

“…Among various living organisms that have been used for nanoparticle synthesis, plants have been used particularly for metal nanoparticle synthesis. The use of plant extract for synthesis of nanoparticles has certain advantages-such as short preparation time and low cost-over other environmentally benign biological processes [5]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from plant extract have become a major focus due to their simple preparation procedure [6].…”