Plant fossils of Maitur Formation: possibly the ultimate stage of Glossopteris flora in Raniganj Coalfield, India

Pal, Pankaj Kumar; Srivastava, A.K.; Ghosh, Amit

doi:10.54991/jop.2010.186

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These features are attributed to surface feeding of insect (Labandeira & Phillips, 1996;Srivastava & Agnihotri, 2011). Slater et al (2014) have observed probable presence of external foliage damage and other types of insect herbivory in Indian Gondwana floral assemblages described by various workers right from the year 1828-30 (Brongniart) to 2010 (Pal et al, 2010). The attempt is creditable but it is better if fossils are examined physically before coming to any conclusion.…”

Section: Insect Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Late Permian Raniganj and Kamthi floras show the presence of insect damaged leaves, galls, oviposition marks and coprolite-like structure (Chauhan et al, 1985;Banerjee & Bera, 1998;Slater et al, 2014). Late Permian flora of Maitur Formation (Pal et al, 2010) has also been found to contain insect nibbled leaf margin (Slater et al, 2014). Early Cretaceous flora of Rajmahal contains distinct evidence of insect herbivory (Banerji, 2004;Srivastava & Krassilov, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect herbivory in Gondwana plants

Srivastava¹

2016

JPS

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Plant–insect interaction is dominant in the extant flora and it is estimated that more than one million species of insects directly or indirectly survive on plants. In comparison, such association is limited in extinct flora, mainly due to problem in identifying structural features associated with the insect wronged plant fossils. Concerted efforts and comparative structures observed in extant flora have unfolded the mystery of insect herbivory in fossil plants. The study has helped to understand the feeding pattern and evolutionary features of insects during different time intervals and provide significant evidence to comprehend the co–evolution of plant and insect in the geologic past. Herbivorous insect wings discovered from different Gondwana successions of India belong to families and genera of Homoptera, Heteroptera, Mecoptera, Coleoptera and Blattoidea. The remains of Coleoptera and Mecoptera in all probability represent the earliest record in fossil flora. Insect herbivory is well recognized in Indian flora in the form of insect galls, chewing and eaten marks of leaf margin, disfigurement of lamina, egg–like pouches, trailing marks, mining activity, etc. The available records demonstrate the presence of well-knit coalition of insect–plant interaction in Indian Gondwana successions. Diverse type of insect herbivory recovered in the Gondwana flora of India implies that insects used the plants for various purposes such as feeding, shelter and laying eggs for their development/ survival and the process has thus helped in the development and evolution of insects in consortium with plants.

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Section: Insect Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivory in Gondwana plants

Srivastava¹

2016

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Comprehensive survey of Early to Middle Triassic Gondwanan floras reveals under-representation of plant–arthropod interactions

Turner,

McLoughlin,

Mays

2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Plants and arthropods are primary drivers of terrestrial ecosystem function. Trace fossils of plant–arthropod interactions (PAIs) provide a unique window into assessing terrestrial ecosystem states through geological time and evaluating changes in herbivorous arthropod feeding guilds in the wake of global biotic crises. The end-Permian event (EPE; c. 252 Ma) resulted in the loss of keystone plant species from humid tropical and high-latitude ecosystems and the extinction of several major insect groups. The subsequent Early to Middle Triassic evinced diminished terrestrial productivity, punctuated by a series of second-order biotic crises that hindered recovery. Here, we survey records of Gondwanan Early to Middle Triassic floral assemblages for evidence of PAIs as an indication of ecosystem recovery following the EPE. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of fossil plant taxa and PAIs for lower Mesozoic strata of Gondwana, revealing an increase in specific and generic floral diversity from the Early to Middle Triassic. We noted a lack of PAIs reported from many localities with abundant fossil leaves, which might be interpreted to be a consequence of a post-EPE delay in the recovery of arthropod feeding guilds compared to the flora. However, by comparing floral assemblages between regions of Gondwana, our results also partly attribute the absence of PAIs to the relative paucity of palaeoichnological and palaeobotanical studies of this interval. To test for potential under-reporting of PAIs in the Triassic, we present a case study of the well-described Australian Middle Triassic Benolong Flora. In contrast to existing Australian Early to Middle Triassic PAI reports on only three plant specimens, this systematic investigation revealed 44 PAI traces comparable to published examples, hosted by 40 fossil plant fragments (7.77% of fragments assessed; N = 591). Margin-feeding traces constituted the dominant Functional Feeding Group (FFG) identified (23 examples: 3.72% of fragments assessed). Our review highlights several Early and Middle Triassic Gondwanan plant fossil-rich successions and existing collections that require further examination. We predict that investigations of these assemblages will greatly elucidate the relationships between rapidly changing environments during the Early and Middle Triassic and their effects on the plant and arthropod communities in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

McLoughlin

Prevec

Slater

2021

JPS

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An extensive survey of literature on the Permian floras of Gondwana reveals over 500 discrete arthropod–herbivory– damage/plant–taxon/stratigraphic–unit associations spanning all regions of the supercontinent from the earliest Asselian to the latest Changhsingian. Margin– and apex–feeding damage is the most common style of herbivory but hole– and surface–feeding, galling, and oviposition damage are locally well represented. Evidence for skeletonization and mucivory is sparse and that for leaf mining is equivocal. Wood and root boring is recognized widely but only where depositional conditions were conducive to the permineralization of plant axes. Wood boring and detritivory may have been especially favoured arthropod feeding strategies in Permian high latitudes where living foliage was scarce during the polar winters. Herbivory damage is most strongly apparent on glossopterid remains; other groups of broad–leafed gymnosperms and sphenopsids host moderate levels of damage. Damage features are under–represented on lycophytes, ferns and spine– and scale–leafed conifers. A survey of insect body fossils from the Gondwanan Permian reveals that most records are from a small number of rich assemblages that are dominated by Blattodea, Hemiptera, Grylloblattida, Mecoptera and Protelytroptera, accompanied by significant representations of Coleoptera, Glosselytrodea, Miomoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Protorthoptera, Palaeodictyopteroida, Paoliida, Paraplecoptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera and Trichoptera, which collectively adopted a broad range of feeding styles. Oribatid mites and collembolans appear to have been important components of the wood–boring and detritivorous communities. Although temporal trends in herbivory styles and diversity are difficult to resolve from mostly incidental observations and illustrations of plant damage across Gondwana, the results of this study provide a baseline of qualitative data for future studies that should adopt a quantitative approach to the analysis of herbivory, spanning the shift from icehouse to hothouse conditions through the Permian of the Southern Hemisphere.

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Plant fossils of Maitur Formation: possibly the ultimate stage of Glossopteris flora in Raniganj Coalfield, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Insect herbivory in Gondwana plants

Insect herbivory in Gondwana plants

Comprehensive survey of Early to Middle Triassic Gondwanan floras reveals under-representation of plant–arthropod interactions

Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

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