Plant Genotypic Diversity Predicts Community Structure and Governs an Ecosystem Process

Crutsinger, Gregory M.; Collins, Michael D.; Fordyce, James A.; Gompert, Zachariah; Nice, Chris C.; Sanders, Nathan J.

doi:10.1126/science.1128326

Cited by 766 publications

(978 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[1 ,2-8,9 ]). Studies have found that plant diversity positively influences arthropod diversity and abundance [3,4,8,10], and alters plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions [3,7,11,12]. These findings emphasize that conserving and manipulating plant diversity in natural and managed systems, respectively, is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, diversity may cause changes in plant traits which arise from aboveground and belowground interactions among neighbouring plants [4][5][6], or due to increased habitat heterogeneity affecting consumer foraging behaviour ( [38,39], i.e. effects of trait diversity).…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, most studies have not explicitly tested for these mechanisms, or controlled for one while testing for the other. For example, a commonly reported pattern is that increased plant growth in mixtures is associated with greater herbivore abundance and diversity [2,4,6,13]. However, these studies have not formally tested whether such effects are due to increased resource availability (higher plant biomass) and/or through increased resource heterogeneity influencing herbivore recruitment.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions Xoaquín Moreira 1 , Luis Abdala-Roberts 2 , Sergio Rasmann 3 , Bastien Castagneyrol 4,5 and Kailen A Mooney 6…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Moreira

Abdala‐Roberts

Rasmann

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

168

152

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A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels and the mechanisms underpinning such effects. However, there are currently a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on consumers. For instance, we still know very little about how the magnitude of plant trait variation (e.g. intraspecific vs. inter-specific), as well as the identity and combined effects of plant, herbivore and natural enemy traits, mediate plant diversity effects on consumers. Moreover, the fine-scale mechanisms (e.g. changes in consumer behaviour or recruitment responses) underlying such diversity effects in many cases remain elusive or have been overlooked. In addition, most studies of plant diversity effects on associated consumers have been developed under a static, unidirectional (bottom-up) framework of effects on herbivores and predators without taking into account the potential for dynamic feedbacks across trophic levels. Here we seek to address these key gaps in knowledge as well as to capitalize on recent advances and emerging frameworks in plant biodiversity research. In doing so, we provide new insights as well as recommendations which will stimulate new research and advance this field of study. IntroductionThe consequences of plant intra-specific and inter-specific diversity on associated faunas have been the focus of much research over the last decade (e.g. [1 ,2-8,9 ]). Studies have found that plant diversity positively influences arthropod diversity and abundance [3,4,8,10], and alters plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions [3,7,11,12]. These findings emphasize that conserving and manipulating plant diversity in natural and managed systems, respectively, is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function [13][14][15].A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels ([16-22], see Box 1). Despite this vast collection of theory behind plant diversity effects on associated faunas and the large number of empirical studies conducted thus far, formal evaluations of the mechanisms behind the observed patterns have been developed in natural communities (but see [20] for e.g. in agricultural systems). In addition, there are also a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels ( Figure 1). For example, we generally ignore how the magnitude of variation in plant traits (e.g. interspecific vs. intra-specific diversity) or the identity (including independent and interactive effects of multiple traits) of plant traits determines such effects. Similarly, many studies have lacked an explicit evaluation of the influence of herbivore traits such as diet breadth, mobility and feeding behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms for diversity effects on consumer abundance or behaviour remain elusive (e.g. effects of diversit...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Moreira

Abdala‐Roberts

Rasmann

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

168

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ecologists increasingly recognize the value of understanding evolutionary as well as ecological factors underlying community dynamics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Evolutionary differentiation has been shown to alter pairwise species interactions [13], communities [14][15][16][17] and ecosystems [16,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution mediates the effects of apex predation on aquatic food webs

Urban

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Ecological and evolutionary mechanisms are increasingly thought to shape local community dynamics. Here, I evaluate if the local adaptation of a meso-predator to an apex predator alters local food webs. The marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) is an apex predator that consumes both the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and shared zooplankton prey. Common garden experiments reveal that spotted salamander populations which co-occur with marbled salamanders forage more intensely than those that face other predator species. These foraging differences, in turn, alter the diversity, abundance and composition of zooplankton communities in common garden experiments and natural ponds. Locally adapted spotted salamanders exacerbate prey biomass declines associated with apex predation, but dampen the top-down effects of apex predation on prey diversity. Countergradient selection on foraging explains why locally adapted spotted salamanders exacerbate prey biomass declines. The two salamander species prefer different prey species, which explains why adapted spotted salamanders buffer changes in prey composition owing to apex predation. Results suggest that local adaptation can strongly mediate effects from apex predation on local food webs. Community ecologists might often need to consider the evolutionary history of populations to understand local diversity patterns, food web dynamics, resource gradients and their responses to disturbance.

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2012

Restoration Ecology

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Plant Genotypic Diversity Predicts Community Structure and Governs an Ecosystem Process

Cited by 766 publications

References 19 publications

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Evolution mediates the effects of apex predation on aquatic food webs

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