Plant Growth Promoting Effect and Biocontrol Potential of Rhizobium spp. against Macrophomina phaseolina

Screening of plant growth-promoting Rhizobium tarimense from root nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

“…Rhizobacteria may enhance plant growth and development, colonize the roots efficiently, and protect crops from several phytopathogens and are termed as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Dutta and Podile, 2010). These rhizobacteria either directly or indirectly affect the crops by raising nutrients utility (Verma et al, 2013;Imen et al, 2015;Khalid et al, 2020), modulating plant hormones level (Backer et al, 2018;Gopalakrishnan et al, 2018), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production (Tariq et al, 2014;Subramanian et al, 2015;Igiehon et al, 2019), siderophore production (Angus et al, 2013;Datta and Chakrabartty, 2014) and also inhibitory effects on phytopathogens (Arafoui et al, 2006;Sagolshemcha et al, 2017). Rhizobia also belong to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) by their potency to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) into ammonia (NH 3 ), which the crops may apply.…”

Kitazin-pea interaction: understanding the fungicide induced nodule alteration, cytotoxicity, oxidative damage and toxicity alleviation byRhizobium leguminosarum

“…Also, this microsymbionts reduce the toxicity of pesticides by degrading and converting them into non-toxic forms. 12 Apart from these, rhizobia in general, are also known to accelerate growth of legumes by other mechanisms such as release and supply of phytohormones, 13 management of pathogens by secreting low molecular weight iron chelating compounds, siderophores, 14 producing enzyme (ACC deaminase) that controls ethylene stress by catalysing ACC into aketobutyrate and ammonia 15 and by solubilizing insoluble P. 16 These versatile properties of rhizobia have prompted legume growers to apply them as microbial fertilizer in legume cultivation strategies. 17,18 Nevertheless, despite widespread application, inclusive data converging kitazin impact on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, anatomical and structural morphology of legumes specically on peas have completely been missing.…”