Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria for management of stresses in cereal crop productions

Abstract

Agriculture of the future, which will be challenged by rising global food demand, a scarcity of arable lands and resources, as well as numerous environmental challenges, will need to be handled wisely using sustainable and eco-efficient methods. Cereals are the most essential crops for human nourishment, and they have a wide range of bacteria linked with them. The use of beneficial, plantassociated microbes to improve crop production in agriculture is a long-term strategy. Bacterial endophytes are endosymbiotic bacteria that live in plants, modulate phytohormone signaling, metabolic activity, and plant defense response pathways in their host plant. The application of agricultural techniques that preserve the natural variety of plant endophytic bacteria has emerged as a critical component of sustainable agriculture, ensuring plant production and agricultural quality, and plant response to abiotic and biotic stressors. Hence, using endophytic bacteria to increase cereal crop's performance under stressful circumstances such as cold, drought, salt, and heavy metal pollution, or to boost disease resistance, holds a lot of promise for long-term agricultural productivity.