Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Biocontrol Agents for Viral Protection

Untargeted Metabolomic to Access Chemical Differences Induced by Dual Endophyte Cultures Isolated from Euphorbia Umbellata

“…dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde (5). Finally, compounds 1-5 biosynthesis was statistically correlated with the differentiation between dual and single cultures of Aspergillus pseudonomiae J1 -Porogramme brasiliensis J9, with kojic acid (1) as the most significant.…”

“…In addition, to fulfill metabolomics confidence standards for metabolite identification, we performed the putative identification with level 2 [24] of confidence, comparing both m/z and fragmentation pattern with literature data for the main detected metabolites correlated with co-culture establishment. Detailed analysis of the MS and MS 2 spectra of such compounds led to the annotation of five compounds (Figure 4): kojic acid (1), haliclonol (2) and its diastereoisomer (3), caffeic acid (4), and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde (5).…”

“…[4] In return, the plant guarantees shelter and nutrients for endophyte survivance. [5] Evidence of plant-associated microorganisms dis-covered in the fossilized tissues of stems and leaves indicates that such association probably had evolved from when higher plants first appeared on Earth. [6] During the long period of coevolution, endophytic fungi gradually adapted to their particular microenvironments through genetic variation, including gene exchanges with their host plants.…”

“…In the symbiotic relationship, endophytic fungi benefit the host by producing secondary metabolites that display specific ecological functions, such as attractants, repellents, and pesticides [4] . In return, the plant guarantees shelter and nutrients for endophyte survivance [5] . Evidence of plant‐associated microorganisms discovered in the fossilized tissues of stems and leaves indicates that such association probably had evolved from when higher plants first appeared on Earth [6] .…”