Plant Growth Regulators: Backgrounds and Uses in Plant Production

Our understanding of how plant hormones work has tremendously increased over the last decades. However, such progress was not possible without those who laid the foundation of the work which was sometimes much more tedious in early days than today. Therefore, we thought it timely to follow-up on historical aspects of plant hormone research. The development in the field of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, and ethylene are accompanied with personal recollections. Plant hormones cannot go without plant growth regulators which have been developed for commercial reasons, but are also used in many cases nowadays as tools to investigate a specific role of a hormone in planta. This issue is also hopefully a useful collection for those scientists who want to get an overview of how their ''favorite hormone'' started.

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“…2). Finally, we have covered some selected aspects of plant growth regulators and their application (Rademacher 2015) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: A Special Issue On the History Of Plant Hormone Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Facts and False Routes: How Plant Hormone Research Developed

Ludwig‐Müller

Lüthen

2015

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…Although postharvest regreening of some types of flowers and fruits is regarded as negative because of the loss in quality (Hsu et al, 1989;Chen et al, 2013), there is a huge potential for chloroplast regeneration in planta at the intermediate stages of flower and fruit development in agri-food biotechnology. Delaying flower senescence and fruit ripening before harvest could enhance postharvest life and increase size and organoleptic properties by inducing higher photoassimilate production during the green stages and activating redox mechanisms to improve the antioxidant content, as has been shown for some fruits (Cocaliadis et al, 2014;Rademacher, 2015) and flowers (Arrom and Munné-Bosch, 2012; Imsabai and van Doorn, 2013). Degreening and regreening are indeed applied in some cases to increase market sales, such as for citrus fruits (Box 2).…”

Section: Chloroplasts In Leaf Flower and Fruit Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Oxidative Stress during Leaf, Flower and Fruit Development

2017

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“…Recently, biologically active chemicals have been recognized as important tools in analyzing the functions of various molecules in plants and as major chemicals for plant regulation in agriculture (Rademacher, 2015). Many agonists that mimic plant hormones have been reported, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for the auxin receptor (Tan et al, 2007), coronatine for the jasmonic acid receptor (Sheard et al, 2010), pyrabactin, quinabactin, and AS2 for the ABA receptor Okamoto et al, 2013;Takeuchi et al, 2014), and GR24 for the strigolactone receptor (Ruyter-Spira et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituted Phthalimide AC94377 Is a Selective Agonist of the Gibberellin Receptor GID1

et al. 2016

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0001-9901-5293 (K.J.); 0000-0003-0774-6203 (T.A.).Gibberellin (GA) is a major plant hormone that regulates plant growth and development and is widely used as a plant growth regulator in agricultural production. There is an increasing demand for function-limited GA mimics due to the limitations on the agronomical application of GA to crops, including GA's high cost of producing and its leading to the crops' lodging. AC94377, a substituted phthalimide, is a chemical that mimics the growth-regulating activity of GAs in various plants, despite its structural difference. Although AC94377 is widely studied in many weeds and crops, its mode of action as a GA mimic is largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed that AC94377 displays GA-like activities in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and demonstrated that AC94377 binds to the Arabidopsis GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) receptor (AtGID1), forms the AtGID1-AC94377-DELLA complex, and induces the degradation of DELLA protein. Our results also indicated that AC94377 is selective for a specific subtype among three AtGID1s and that the selectivity of AC94377 is attributable to a single residue at the entrance to the hydrophobic pocket of GID1. We conclude that AC94377 is a GID1 agonist with selectivity for a specific subtype of GID1, which could be further developed and used as a function-limited regulator of plant growth in both basic study and agriculture.

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Plant Growth Regulators: Backgrounds and Uses in Plant Production

Cited by 438 publications

References 99 publications

From Facts and False Routes: How Plant Hormone Research Developed

From Facts and False Routes: How Plant Hormone Research Developed

Photo-Oxidative Stress during Leaf, Flower and Fruit Development

Substituted Phthalimide AC94377 Is a Selective Agonist of the Gibberellin Receptor GID1

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