Plant Growth Retardants as Inhibitors of Ethylene Production

Großmann, Klaus; Häuser, Christiane; Sauerbrey, Elke; Fritsch, Hansjoerg; Schmidt, Oskar; Jung, Johannes

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(89)80144-0

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Uniconazole did not influence the conjugation of ACC to MACC in soybeans, while having a minimal effect in wheat. The rate of ethylene production remained lower in the uniconazole-treated wheat and acotyledonous soybean seedlings before and following the stress, indicating that uniconazole reduces ethylene production by interfering with the conversion of ACC to ethylene as suggested previously (Grossmann et al 1989;Sauerbrey et al 1988). These results demonstrate that monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species exposed to different stresses respond in a very similar manner in regard to ethylene biosynthesis.…”

Section: Macc Levelssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…However, it has been demonstrated that plant growth retardants of the norbornanodiazetine and triazole types inhibit ethylene production due to impaired conversion of ACC to ethylene (Grossmann et al 1989;Sauerbrey et al 1988). In order to determine the mechanism of ethylene inhibition by uniconazole, the present study examines ACC, MACC, and ethylene production before (basal) and following two different stresses, heat and an auxinlike herbicide, in a monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Uniconazole inhibits stress-induced ethylene in wheat and soybean seedlings

Kraus

Murr

Fletcher

1991

J Plant Growth Regul

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Abstract.Previous studies have shown that uniconazole inhibits ethylene synthesis and protects plants from various stresses. The present research was conducted to delineate the mechanism of ethylene inhibition by uniconazole [(E)-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-l-penten-3-ol]. Following heat stress of 48~ for 3 h, the shoots of the control wheat seedlings became desiccated, and the seedlings lost 23% of their fresh mass 8 h after stress. The control soybean seedlings had epinastic unifoliate leaves 5 h after foliar application (4.4 g.a.i./ha) of the herbicide triclopyr [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxyacetic acid]. Soil drench applications of uniconazole, a potent member of the triazole family, reduced these symptoms associated with heat and herbicide stress in wheat (5.0 mg/L) and soybean (0.4 mg/L) seedlings, respectively.Basal ethylene production was inhibited 32 and 48% by uniconazole in the wheat and acotyledonous soybean seedlings, respectively. Following a 48~ heat stress, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) levels increased 40% in both the control and uniconazole-treated wheat seedlings. After triclopyr application, ACC levels increased 400% in botl?, the control and uniconazoletreated soybean seedlings: The increased ACC levels, following stress, Were accompanied by increased ethylene production from the control, but not from the uniconazole-trea~ed wheat and acotyledonous soybean seedlings. ~iconazole treat-" ment did not significantly chang,e the basal or stress-induced N-malonyl-1-aminoc~r~lopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC) levels compa~ to controis. These results suggest that uniconazo"le inhibits ethylene synthesis by interfering with the conversion of ACC to ethylene in wheat and acotyledonous soybean seedlings. Ethylene production and ACC conversion were not inhibited by uniconazole in excised soybean cotyledons. These results indicate that different ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) systems operate in the soybean acotyledonous seedling and cotyledon, and the system in the former is inhibited by uniconazole.

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Section: Macc Levelssupporting

confidence: 50%

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confidence: 99%

Uniconazole inhibits stress-induced ethylene in wheat and soybean seedlings

Kraus

Murr

Fletcher

1991

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…Ethylene production from leaf discs was determined according to Grossmann et al (9). Twelve leaf discs (0.16 g) were placed adaxially on filter papers moistened with 1 mL of 50 mm Mes/NaOH (pH 5.6) containing 2% (w/v) sucrose.…”

Section: Determination Of Ethylene Production and Acc And Macc Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone

Langebartels¹,

Kerner²,

Leonardi³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

269

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Polyamine metabolism was examined in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) exposed to a single ozone treatment (5 or 7 hours) and then postcultivated in pollutant-free air. The levels of free and conjugated putrescine were rapidly increased in the ozonetolerant cultivar Bel B and remained high for 3 days. This accumulation was preceded by a transient rise of L-arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19) activity. The ozone-sensitive cultivar Bel W3 showed a rapid production of ethylene and high levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid after 1 to 2 hours of exposure. Induction of putrescine levels and ADC activity was weak in this cultivar and was observed when necrotic lesions developed. Leaf injury occurred in both lines when the molar ratio of putrescine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or ethylene fell short of a certain threshold value. Monocaffeoyl-putrescine, an effective scavenger for oxyradicals, was detected in the apoplastic fluid of the leaves of cv Bel B and increased upon exposure to ozone. This extracellular localization could allow scavenging of ozone-derived oxyradicals at the first site of their generation. Induction of either polyamine or ethylene pathways may represent a control mechanism for inhibition or promotion of lesion formation and thereby contribute to the disposition of plants for ozone tolerance.Ozone (03) Fabaceae and Solanaceae, which include many crop plants, seem to be particularly sensitive (1 1, 14). Leaf damage as the most obvious pollutant effect can be observed as pigmented lesions, bleaching, chlorosis, and bifacial necrosis, depending on 03 dose and plant species. Cigar wrapper varieties of tobacco were among the first plants for which 03 damage ('weather flecks') was demonstrated (11). 03-tolerant and -sensitive lines were selected in the late 1950s. A hypersensitive line (Bel W3) from these breeding programs has been used for over 30 years as a biomonitor plant for 03 and responds to ambient concentrations with necrotic flecks that occur predominantly on the middle-aged leaves (1 1).Exposure of plants to subacute levels of 03 is now known to induce many biochemical and physiological changes (1,13,25). Several of these reactions form part of the plant's defense system toward oxidative stress, e.g. ascorbic acid and peroxidases (13), phenolic compounds (25), and polyamines (3, 13). The diamine putrescine, as well as spermidine and spermine, all commonly termed polyamines, exert several functions which counteract 03 effects. They have been implicated in an inhibition of lipid peroxidation of membranes (27), an activation of membrane-bound ATPases (13), and a reduction of ethylene formation (6,26). Polyamines were observed to accumulate in 03-treated barley (24), wheat (23), and Norway spruce (4, 25). Ethylene, which appears to be antagonistic to polyamines in senescence, is induced by 03 in many plant species (5,11,29

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“…As shown in this report and by others [7], GA3 not only inhibits tuber formation, but also processes related to tuber formation, such as starch synthesis and the expression of genes normally expressed in tubers . TET may also inhibit the formation of ethylene [4], another plant hormone which may influence both the induction and formation of potato tubers [12,24] . Ethylene probably enables tuber initiation (in combination with a low level of gibberellin) by inhibiting stolon elongation, but tuber initiation per se is inhibited by ethylene [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the growth retardant tetcyclacis for potato tuber formation in vitro

Vreugdenhil¹,

Bindels

Reinhoud³

et al. 1994

Plant Growth Regul

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The effects of the plant growth retardant tetcyclacis on in vitro tuber formation in potatoes was studied, using two different approaches : 1 . tuber formation in various lines that did not or hardly form tubers under control conditions, and 2 . tuber formation by the variety Bintje, which readily forms tubers . The ABA-deficient (droopy) lines of S. phureja hardly formed tubers without the addition of tetcyclacis . In the presence of this growth retardant tuberization was nearly 100%, within three weeks of in vitro culture, even in the absence of cytokinin . A series of somatic hybrids between S . tuberosum and S. brevidens, that did not form tubers in field and pot experiments, were tested . They all formed tubers in vitro in the presence of tetcyclacis . Stoloniferous shoots formed on single-node cuttings from in vitro grown Solanum tuberosum var Bintje plantlets were transferred to media containing a high level of sucrose . In the presence of tetcyclacis, tuber formation started after 4 days, reaching a maximum level of 80% at day 7 . Tubers formed in the presence of tetcyclacis, accumulated starch and expressed several tuber-specific genes . These effects were fully antagonized by gibberellic acid . It is concluded that the growth retardant tetcyclacis is a potent tool in the study of tuber formation in potatoes .Abbreviations : ABA = abscisic acid; BAP = benzylaminopurine ; GA3 = gibberellic acid ; STS = silver thiosulphate ; TET = tetcyclacis . 257

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Plant Growth Retardants as Inhibitors of Ethylene Production

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Uniconazole inhibits stress-induced ethylene in wheat and soybean seedlings

Uniconazole inhibits stress-induced ethylene in wheat and soybean seedlings

Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone

Use of the growth retardant tetcyclacis for potato tuber formation in vitro

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