Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management

Pautasso, Marco; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina; Holdenrieder, Ottmar; Pietravalle, Stéphane; Salama, N. K. G.; Jeger, M.J.; Lange, Eckart; Hehl-Lange, Sigrid

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00123.x

Cited by 169 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 471 publications

(515 reference statements)

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“…For stable long-term production of livestock from grasslands it is obviously essential to maintain a balance between the utilization by herbivores and both the short-term and the long-term viability of the pasture (Sidahmed, 2008;Laca, 2009). Production from grazing animals clearly depends on the provision of pasture through seasonal fluctuations within and between years, and the resilience of the pastures (Pautasso et al, 2010;Godfree et al, 2011). The various strategies discussed above to increase animal production can, to varying degrees, improve the regrowth of pastures.…”

Section: Criteria and Advances In Technologies To Evaluate And Managementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Boval

Dixon

2012

Animal

185

106

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The global importance of grasslands is indicated by their extent; they comprise some 26% of total land area and 80% of agriculturally productive land. The majority of grasslands are located in tropical developing countries where they are particularly important to the livelihoods of some one billion poor peoples. Grasslands clearly provide the feed base for grazing livestock and thus numerous high-quality foods, but such livestock also provide products such as fertilizer, transport, traction, fibre and leather. In addition, grasslands provide important services and roles including as water catchments, biodiversity reserves, for cultural and recreational needs, and potentially a carbon sink to alleviate greenhouse gas emissions. Inevitably, such functions may conflict with management for production of livestock products. Much of the increasing global demand for meat and milk, particularly from developing countries, will have to be supplied from grassland ecosystems, and this will provide difficult challenges. Increased production of meat and milk generally requires increased intake of metabolizable energy, and thus increased voluntary intake and/or digestibility of diets selected by grazing animals. These will require more widespread and effective application of improved management. Strategies to improve productivity include fertilizer application, grazing management, greater use of crop by-products, legumes and supplements and manipulation of stocking rate and herbage allowance. However, it is often difficult to predict the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of such strategies, particularly in tropical developing country production systems. Evaluation and on-going adjustment of grazing systems require appropriate and reliable assessment criteria, but these are often lacking. A number of emerging technologies may contribute to timely low-cost acquisition of quantitative information to better understand the soil–pasture–animal interactions and animal management in grassland systems. Development of remote imaging of vegetation, global positioning technology, improved diet markers, near IR spectroscopy and modelling provide improved tools for knowledge-based decisions on the productivity constraints of grazing animals. Individual electronic identification of animals offers opportunities for precision management on an individual animal basis for improved productivity. Improved outcomes in the form of livestock products, services and/or other outcomes from grasslands should be possible, but clearly a diversity of solutions are needed for the vast range of environments and social circumstances of global grasslands.

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Section: Criteria and Advances In Technologies To Evaluate And Managementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Boval

Dixon

2012

Animal

185

106

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“…Trade has often been responsible for the spread of devastating pathogens that threaten the world's coffee, cocoa, maize, soya and wheat production [21]. In addition, changing environmental conditions are predicted to affect the stages and rates of development of disease organisms, the resistance of host plants, the physiology of host-pathogen interactions and the geographical distribution of host plants and pathogens [22][23][24].…”

Section: Impacts Of Plant Disease and Approaches To Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Mills

Dehnen‐Schmutz

Ilbery

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Plant diseases threaten both food security and the botanical diversity of natural ecosystems. Substantial research effort is focused on pathogen detection and control, with detailed risk management available for many plant diseases. Risk can be assessed using analytical techniques that account for disease pressure both spatially and temporally. We suggest that such technical assessments of disease risk may not provide an adequate guide to the strategies undertaken by growers and government to manage plant disease. Instead, risk-management strategies need to account more fully for intuitive and normative responses that act to balance conflicting interests between stakeholder organizations concerned with plant diseases within the managed and natural environments. Modes of effective engagement between policy makers and stakeholders are explored in the paper, together with an assessment of such engagement in two case studies of contemporary non-indigenous diseases in one food and in one non-food sector. Finally, a model is proposed for greater integration of stakeholders in policy decisions.

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“…Changing climate (Galik and Jackson 2009;Netherer and Schopf 2010;Pautasso et al 2010;Sturrock 2012), globalisation of trade and the synonymous increase in the volume and diversity of plant species and products being traded are just a few of the factors leading to an increase in the ranges of pathogen and pest species. Recently the UK has seen a rapid increase in the Phytophthora ramorum infection of Larix spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Disease on Optimal Forest Rotation: A Generalisable Analytical Framework

Macpherson

Kleczkowski

Healey

et al. 2016

Environ Resource Econ

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The arrival of novel pathogens and pests can have a devastating effect on the market values of forests. Calibrating management strategies/decisions to consider the effect of disease may help to reduce disease impacts on forests. Here, we use a novel generalisable, bioeconomic model framework, which combines an epidemiological compartmental model with a Faustmann optimal rotation length model, to explore the management decision of when to harvest a single rotation, even-aged, plantation forest under varying disease conditions. Sensitivity analysis of the rate of spread of infection and the effect of disease on the timber value reveals a key trade-off between waiting for the timber to grow and the infection spreading further. We show that the optimal rotation length, which maximises the net present value of the forest, is reduced when timber from infected trees has no value; but when the infection spreads quickly, and the value of timber from infected trees is non-zero, it can be optimal to wait until the disease-free optimal rotation length to harvest. Our original approach provides an exemplar framework showing how a bioeconomic model can be used to examine the effect of tree diseases on management strategies/decisions.

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Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management

Cited by 169 publications

References 471 publications

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

The Effects of Disease on Optimal Forest Rotation: A Generalisable Analytical Framework

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