Plant Hormonal Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Organogenesis

Ryu, Hojin; Cho, Hyunwoo; Choi, Daeseok; Hwang, Ildoo

doi:10.1007/s10059-012-0131-1

Cited by 64 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…For instance, the interaction between auxin and cytokinin is especially significant to control the formation and maintenance of meristems (Su et al, 2011). This interplay between auxin and cytokinin is also important for lateral root and nodule formation (Mathesius, 2008; Ding and Oldroyd, 2009; Desbrosses and Stougaard, 2011; Mukherjee and Ané, 2011b; Ryu et al, 2012; Bensmihen, 2015). Altering the auxin to cytokinin balance specifies whether root cells divide in the pericycle or in the cortex (Mathesius, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that plant hormones play key roles throughout nodule organogenesis in the integration of developmental and environmental signaling cues during nodule development (Ding and Oldroyd, 2009; Mukherjee and Ané, 2011b; Ryu et al, 2012; Bensmihen, 2015). For instance, the interplay of auxin and cytokinin plays a major role in nodule organogenesis (Suzaki et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Developmental and Molecular View of Formation of Auxin-Induced Nodule-Like Structures in Land Plants

et al. 2016

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Several studies have shown that plant hormones play important roles during legume–rhizobia symbiosis. For instance, auxins induce the formation of nodule-like structures (NLSs) on legume roots in the absence of rhizobia. Furthermore, these NLS can be colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which favor nitrogen fixation compared to regular roots and subsequently increase plant yield. Interestingly, auxin also induces similar NLS in cereal roots. While several genetic studies have identified plant genes controlling NLS formation in legumes, no studies have investigated the genes involved in NLS formation in cereals. In this study, first we established an efficient experimental system to induce NLS in rice roots, using auxin, 2,4-D, consistently at a high frequency (>90%). We were able to induce NLS at a high frequency in Medicago truncatula under similar conditions. NLS were characterized by a broad base, a diffuse meristem, and increased cell differentiation in the vasculature. Interestingly, NLS formation appeared very similar in both rice and Medicago, suggesting a similar developmental program. We show that NLS formation in both rice and Medicago occurs downstream of the common symbiotic pathway. Furthermore, NLS formation occurs downstream of cytokinin-induced step(s). We performed a comprehensive RNA sequencing experiment to identify genes differentially expressed during NLS formation in rice and identified several promising genes for control of NLS based on their biological and molecular functions. We validated the expression patterns of several genes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and show varied expression patterns of these genes during different stages of NLS formation. Finally, we show that NLS induced on rice roots under these conditions can be colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azorhizobium caulinodans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental and Molecular View of Formation of Auxin-Induced Nodule-Like Structures in Land Plants

et al. 2016

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“…Interestingly, these hormones are also involved in regulating plant interactions with non-pathogenic microbes. For instance, GA positively regulates nodulation by rhizobia (Ryu et al, 2012), reduced CK levels seem to stimulate mycorrhizal hyphal growth in the roots (Cosme and Wurst, 2013), and SL induces hyphal branching and further establishment of mycorrhizal symbioses (Liu et al, 2013). …”

Section: Potential Role Of New Hormonal Players In Regulating Microbementioning

confidence: 99%

Two-way plant mediated interactions between root-associated microbes and insects: from ecology to mechanisms

et al. 2013

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Plants are members of complex communities and function as a link between above- and below-ground organisms. Associations between plants and soil-borne microbes commonly occur and have often been found beneficial for plant fitness. Root-associated microbes may trigger physiological changes in the host plant that influence interactions between plants and aboveground insects at several trophic levels. Aboveground, plants are under continuous attack by insect herbivores and mount multiple responses that also have systemic effects on belowground microbes. Until recently, both ecological and mechanistic studies have mostly focused on exploring these below- and above-ground interactions using simplified systems involving both single microbe and herbivore species, which is far from the naturally occurring interactions. Increasing the complexity of the systems studied is required to increase our understanding of microbe–plant–insect interactions and to gain more benefit from the use of non-pathogenic microbes in agriculture. In this review, we explore how colonization by either single non-pathogenic microbe species or a community of such microbes belowground affects plant growth and defense and how this affects the interactions of plants with aboveground insects at different trophic levels. Moreover, we review how plant responses to foliar herbivory by insects belonging to different feeding guilds affect interactions of plants with non-pathogenic soil-borne microbes. The role of phytohormones in coordinating plant growth, plant defenses against foliar herbivores while simultaneously establishing associations with non-pathogenic soil microbes is discussed.

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“…To optimize the ratio of nitrogen income to carbon-based energy loss, the host plant tightly regulates nodule organogenesis. Nodule development is locally and systemically controlled12. In local control, several phytohormones are induced in plant in response to rhizobial Nod-factors (NFs) such as lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharide secreted by rhizobia2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobial gibberellin negatively regulates host nodule number

Tatsukami

Ueda

2016

Sci Rep

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In legume–rhizobia symbiosis, the nodule number is controlled to ensure optimal growth of the host. In Lotus japonicus, the nodule number has been considered to be tightly regulated by host-derived phytohormones and glycopeptides. However, we have discovered a symbiont-derived phytohormonal regulation of nodule number in Mesorhizobium loti. In this study, we found that M. loti synthesized gibberellic acid (GA) under symbiosis. Hosts inoculated with a GA-synthesis-deficient M. loti mutant formed more nodules than those inoculated with the wild-type form at four weeks post inoculation, indicating that GA from already-incorporated rhizobia prevents new nodule formation. Interestingly, the genes for GA synthesis are only found in rhizobial species that inhabit determinate nodules. Our findings suggest that the already-incorporated rhizobia perform GA-associated negative regulation of nodule number to prevent delayed infection by other rhizobia.

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Plant Hormonal Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Organogenesis

Cited by 64 publications

References 112 publications

A Developmental and Molecular View of Formation of Auxin-Induced Nodule-Like Structures in Land Plants

A Developmental and Molecular View of Formation of Auxin-Induced Nodule-Like Structures in Land Plants

Two-way plant mediated interactions between root-associated microbes and insects: from ecology to mechanisms

Rhizobial gibberellin negatively regulates host nodule number

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