Plant hormones in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: an emerging role for gibberellins

Foo, Eloise; Ross, John J.; Jones, William T.; Reid, James B.

doi:10.1093/aob/mct041

Cited by 258 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Here, we demonstrate that in M. truncatula DELLA1 and DELLA2 are required for arbuscule formation, as is consistent with a recent report that arbuscule formation is impaired in a pea cry, la mutant (72). Surprisingly, in M. truncatula della1/della2 mutants, hyphal growth in the cortex is not impaired by the lack of arbuscules, suggesting that intercellular hyphae have the capacity to access carbon.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus application of GA to mycorrhizal roots would be expected to phenocopy the della1/della2 mutant, and a dominant della mutant that is insensitive to GA but maintains function (55) would be expected to enable arbuscule formation even in the presence of GA. It has been shown previously that GA treatment suppresses arbuscule development in pea (41,72), although in these experiments the effects on the fungus and plant could not be easily distinguished. The application of GA 3 to M. truncatula roots inoculated with G. versiforme resulted in the expected alterations in plant growth and had a significant impact on development of symbiosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The encoded proteins share 56-68% identity with DELLA proteins of Arabidopsis (Fig. S2), and MtDELLA1 and MtDELLA2 are orthologs of Pea LA and CRY (60), which recently were shown to influence arbuscule formation (72). To confirm and extend the RNAi results, M. truncatula lines containing Tnt1 insertions in MtDELLA1 and MtDELLA2 were obtained from a mutant population generated at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Floß

Lévy

Lévesque-Tremblay

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

267

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Most flowering plants are able to form endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this mutualistic association, the fungus colonizes the root cortex and establishes elaborately branched hyphae, called arbuscules, within the cortical cells. Arbuscule development requires the cellular reorganization of both symbionts, and the resulting symbiotic interface functions in nutrient exchange. A plant symbiosis signaling pathway controls the development of the symbiosis. Several components of the pathway have been identified, but transcriptional regulators that control downstream pathways for arbuscule formation are still unknown. Here we show that DELLA proteins, which are repressors of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling and function at the nexus of several signaling pathways, are required for arbuscule formation. Arbuscule formation is severely impaired in a Medicago truncatula Mtdella1/Mtdella2 double mutant; GA treatment of wild-type roots phenocopies the della double mutant, and a dominant DELLA protein (della1-Δ18) enables arbuscule formation in the presence of GA. Ectopic expression of della1-Δ18 suggests that DELLA activity in the vascular tissue and endodermis is sufficient to enable arbuscule formation in the inner cortical cells. In addition, expression of della1-Δ18 restores arbuscule formation in the symbiosis signaling pathway mutant cyclops/ipd3, indicating an intersection between DELLA and symbiosis signaling for arbuscule formation. GA signaling also influences arbuscule formation in monocots, and a Green Revolution wheat variety carrying dominant DELLA alleles shows enhanced colonization but a limited growth response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.endosymbiosis | phytohormone | biotrophic | cyclops | Lotus japonicus

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supporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Floß

Lévy

Lévesque-Tremblay

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

267

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“…Phytohormone-mediated signaling through hormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid, is potentially involved in the establishment of AM symbiosis. 64 The level of auxins, such as IAA, in plants was elevated after coloniza- tion by AM fungi. 65 Auxin derivatives such as IAA and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) promote the development of lateral roots, which are the preferred infection sites for the AM fungi.…”

Section: Fungal-produced Iaa Signaling In Plant Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms

Wei

Chen

et al. 2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

267

142

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“…Some strategies such as plant growth regulators or AMF have been documented to be involved in increasing growth and production under stress conditions (Foo et al., 2013; Ruiz‐Lozano et al., 2012). Our research findings are novel to consider the combined effect of AMF and HBL spraying intervals in alleviating salinity in cucumber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (Glomus versiforme) and 28‐homobrassinolide spraying intervals improves growth by enhancing photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and antioxidant system in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity

Ahmad

Hayat

Ali

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Salinity is one of the major obstacles in the agriculture industry causing huge losses in productivity. Several strategies such as plant growth regulators with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used to decrease the negative effects of salt stress. In our experiment, 28‐homobrassinolide (HBL) with spraying intervals was combined with AMF (Glomus versiforme) in cucumber cultivars Jinyou 1# (salt sensitive) and (Changchun mici, in short, CCMC, salt tolerant) under NaCl (100 mmol/L). Studies have documented that the foliar application of HBL and AMF colonization can enhance tolerance to plants under stress conditions. However, the mechanism of the HBL spraying intervals after 15 and 30 days in combination with AMF in cucumber under salt stress is still unknown. Our results revealed that the HBL spraying interval after 15 days in combination with AMF resulted in improved growth, photosynthesis, and decreased sodium toxicity under NaCl. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase; EC 1.15.1.1) and POD activity (peroxidase; EC 1.11.1.7) showed a gradual increase after every 10 days, while the CAT (catalase; EC 1.11.1.6) increased after 30 days of salt treatments in both cultivars. This research suggests that the enhanced tolerance to salinity was mainly related to elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes and lower uptake of Na+, which lowers the risk of ion toxicity and decreases cell membrane damage.

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Plant hormones in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: an emerging role for gibberellins

Abstract: Biologically active gibberellins suppress arbuscule formation in pea roots, and DELLA proteins are essential for this response, indicating that this role occurs within the root cells.

Cited by 258 publications

References 86 publications

DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms

The combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (Glomus versiforme) and 28‐homobrassinolide spraying intervals improves growth by enhancing photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and antioxidant system in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity

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